Publications by authors named "Sana Qaiyum"

Environmental distresses linked to heavy metal (HM) impurity in the water received significant attention among research communities. Recently, advancements in industrial sectors like paper industries, mining, non-ferrous metallurgy, electroplating, mineral paint production, etc. have resulted in massive heavy metals in wastewater.

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Recently, heavy metal air pollution has received significant interest in computing the total concentration of every toxic metal. Chemical fractionation of possibly toxic substances in airborne particles becomes a vital element. Among the primary and secondary air pollutants, airborne particulate matter (APM) received considerable internet among research communities owing to the adversative impact on human health.

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Air pollution is the existence of atmospheric chemicals damaging the health of human beings and other living organisms or damaging the environment or resources. Rarely any common contaminants are smog, nicotine, mold, yeast, biogas, or carbon dioxide. The paper will primarily observe, visualize and anticipate pollution levels.

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Data Streams create new challenges for fuzzy clustering algorithms, specifically Interval Type-2 Fuzzy C-Means (IT2FCM). One problem associated with IT2FCM is that it tends to be sensitive to initialization conditions and therefore, fails to return global optima. This problem has been addressed by optimizing IT2FCM using Ant Colony Optimization approach.

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