Pediatric Pars Planitis: A Review.

Purpose: To provide an overview of pediatric pars planitis.

Methods: Narrative literature review.

Results: Pars planitis refers to the idiopathic subset of intermediate uveitis in which there is vitritis along with snowball or snowbank formation occurring in the absence of an associated infection or systemic disease.

SS OCT and OCT-A Findings in Convalescent Inactive Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine predictive factors for low final visual acuity in patients with inactive Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease using Swept-source OCT and OCT-angiography (OCT-A).

Methods: We conducted a prospective longitudinal study, including 21 patients (42 eyes), who were followed up for the first 24 months after disease onset. Patients were included at the acute phase and subsequently treated.

Preoperative Intralesional Bevacizumab Injection in Primary Pterygium in Tunisian Patients: A Randomized Controlled Prospective Study.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of a single preoperative intralesional bevacizumab injection as an adjuvant treatment before primary pterygium surgery.

Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled interventional study from January 2019 to December 2020. The study included a total of 60 patients (60 eyes) with primary pterygium.

Rickettsial disease: An underestimated cause of posterior uveitis.

Rickettsioses are worldwide distributed infectious disease caused by intracellular small Gram-negative bacteria transmitted to humans by the bite of contaminated arthropods, such as ticks. Systemic disease typically consists of a triad of high fever, headache, and skin rash. It usually has a self-limited course, but severe, life-threatening complications can sometimes occur.

Swept-source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Active and Scarred Toxoplasmic Retinochoroiditis.

Purpose: To describe optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings in eyes with active and scarred toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis.

Methods: OCTA scans in active (25 eyes) and scarred (17 eyes) retinochoroiditis were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: In active lesions, OCTA findings included a non-detectable flow signal area in retinal vascular plexuses and choriocapillaris in all 25 eyes (100%), an abnormal intraretinal vascular process in 2 eyes (8%), and an associated area of retinal flow deficit secondary to branch retinal artery occlusion in one eye (4%).

Comments on "Goyal M, Murthy SI and Annum S, Bilateral Multifocal Choroiditis following COVID-19 Vaccination".

The fundus photographs provided show deep yellowish lesions, multifocal exudative retinal detachments, and optic disc hyperemia in both eyes. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans shown demonstrate bilateral exudative retinal detachments involving the macula in the right eye. The exudative retinal detachment is characterized by the presence of subretinal fibrin and septa.

Role of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Monitoring Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis.

Purpose: To describe, through anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images, the different phases of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) and show the impact of topical steroid on the course of this disease.

Methods: A prospective observational study included 38 eyes (28 patients) with a presumed EKC complicated by subepithelial infiltrates (SEIs) and treated with topical fluorometholone. Slit-lamp examinations and serial AS-OCT were performed on days 7, 14, 30, 90, 180, and 210.

Multimodal Imaging of Acute Foveolitis following COVID-19 Vaccination.

Purpose: To report a case of unilateral acute foveolitis following COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods: A case report.

Results: A 24-year-old woman developed a sudden blurring of vision in the left eye (LE) 5 days after receiving the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine.

Ocular Manifestations of Emerging Arthropod-Borne Infectious Diseases.

Purpose: To review the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment modalities, and prognosis of arthropod-borne infectious diseases.

Methods: This is a narrative review on arthropod-borne infectious diseases including general and ophthalmological aspects of these infectious diseases. A comprehensive literature review between January 1983 and September 2020 was conducted in PubMed database.

A Comparative Study between Occlusive and Non-occlusive Retinal Vasculitis: Data from a Referral Center in Tunisia, North Africa.

Purpose: To compare clinical profile and visual outcomes of occlusive versus non-occlusive retinal vasculitis (RV).

Methods: A retrospective comparative study.

Results: 284 patients were enrolled, including 124 patients with occlusive RV (ORV) and 160 patients with non-occlusive RV (NORV).

Hypopyon: Is-it Infective or Noninfective?

Hypopyon usually corresponds to the sedimentation of white blood cells, and it signifies severe intraocular inflammation. This key clinical sign may occur in association with a wide variety of infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions that may be sight- and, occasionally, life-threatening. A careful history and thorough clinical examination are the cornerstones for orienting the differential diagnosis, identifying the causative agent, and initiating prompt and appropriate treatment.

Distinguishing swept-source optical coherence tomography findings in active toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis.

Objective: To define the swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) features which distinguish ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) from other forms of retinochoroiditis.

Methods: This is a prospective diagnostic study enrolling 43 eyes of 43 patients with active toxoplasmic (TOXO) retinochoroiditis matched to 54 eyes (54 lesions) with non-TOXO retinochoroiditis evaluated by structural SS-OCT.

Results: The finding of retinal hyper-reflective round deposits, sub-lesional choroidal thickening, and sub-lesional retinal pigment epithelium elevation were more likely to be found in TOXO lesions with a positive likelihood ratio of 45.

Results of Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy in Inflammatory Choroidal Neovascularization.

Purpose: To report the visual outcomes of intravitreal (IVT) anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) in inflammatory choroidal neovascularization (iCNV).

Methods: A retrospective study of 43 eyes of 38 patients with active choroidal neovascularization (CNV) related to ocular inflammatory disease, treated with IVT injections of anti-VEGF (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, or aflibercept), with or without associated systemic anti-inflammatory therapy, at Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia (24 eyes of 23 patients) and at Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (19 eyes of 15 patients) from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2018.

Results: The mean age was 35.

Abducens nerve palsy with associated retinal involvement secondary to rickettsia typhi infection.

Objective: To report a case of abducens nerve palsy with associated retinal involvement due to rickettsia typhi infection.

Material And Methods: A single case report documented with multimodal imaging.

Results: A 18-year-old woman with a history of high-grade fever was initially diagnosed with typhoid fever and treated with fluoroquinolone.

Is There a True Neuroretinitis in Idiopathic Retinal Vasculitis, Aneurysms, and Neuroretinitis (IRVAN) Syndrome ?

Purpose: To clarify whether a true neuroretinitis is part of  idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) syndrome.

Methods: Critical literature review.

Results: Neuroretinitis has been considered as a prominent feature of IRVAN syndrome.

Sequential bilateral Behçet's neuroretinitis associated with prepapillary vitreous exudate: case report.

Objective: To describe a case of Behçet disease (BD) uveitis manifesting with sequential bilateral neuroretinitis associated with prepapillary inflammatory vitreous exudate (PIVE).

Material And Methods: A single case report documented with multimodal imaging.

Results: A 37-year-old man developed neuroretinitis with associated PIVE in the left eye.

Multimodal imaging in IRVAN syndrome presenting with Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion.

Purpose: To describe multimodal imaging findings in a patient with idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) syndrome presenting with branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO).

Case Description: A 33-year-old woman presented with acute BRAO in the right eye. A diagnosis of underlying IRVAN syndrome was made based on the presence of arteriolar aneurysms on the optic disc and along major arterioles and faint retinal hard exudates in both eyes.

OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY FEATURES OF CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH AGE, GENDER, AND UNDERLYING DISEASE.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of age, gender, and underlying disease on the optical coherence tomography (OCT) features of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to inflammation, myopia (mCNV), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD-CNV).

Methods: Demographic and clinical data of eyes with treatment-naive inflammatory CNV, mCNV, and Type 2 AMD-CNV were collected. Optical coherence tomography images were reviewed to determine the presence of pitchfork sign, pigment epithelial detachment, subretinal fluid (SRF), intraretinal cysts, subretinal hyperreflective material, atrophy, and outer retinal disruption graded 1 to 4.

Swept-source OCT findings in shaken baby syndrome: case report.

Background: Our purpose was to document the swept source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) findings in a patient with Shaken baby syndrome (SBS).

Case Presentation: SSOCT was obtained without sedation in a six-month-old girl with bilateral multilayered retinal hemorrhages due to SBS. It documented vitreoretinal interface abnormalities, including internal limiting membrane (ILM) detachment with retinal traction, in association with other specific changes in the inner and outer retinal layers.

Cytomegalovirus retinitis following corticosteroid overdose for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

A 33-year-old patient was diagnosed with acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease and was prescribed prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) and azathioprine (2.5 mg/kg/day). She mistakenly took an excessively high dose (4 mg/kg/day) of prednisolone for 14 days.

Multimodality Approach to the Diagnosis and Assessment of Uveitic Macular Edema.

To provide an overview of the role of multimodality approach to the diagnosis and assessment of uveitic macular edema (UME). Review of literature. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become the gold standard in the detection, quantification, monitoring of treatment, and determination of prognosis in UME.

Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Shows Choriocapillaris Flow Reduction in Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome.

Purpose: To report two cases of typical multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS), in which swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) revealed transient areas of flow deficit at the level of the choriocapillaris.

Methods: The SS-OCTA images of two female patients with typical MEWDS were analyzed at the onset of the disease and during follow-up.

Results: The patients were aged 24 and 25 years, respectively.