Sensitivity of simulated knee joint mechanics to selected human and bovine fibril-reinforced poroelastic material properties.

Fibril-reinforced poroviscoelastic material models are considered state-of-the-art in modeling articular cartilage biomechanics. Yet, cartilage material parameters are often based on bovine tissue properties in computational knee joint models, although bovine properties are distinctly different from those of humans. Thus, we aimed to investigate how cartilage mechanical responses are affected in the knee joint model during walking when fibril-reinforced poroviscoelastic properties of cartilage are based on human data instead of bovine.

Rapid X-Ray-Based 3-D Finite Element Modeling of Medial Knee Joint Cartilage Biomechanics During Walking.

Finite element (FE) modeling is becoming an increasingly popular method for analyzing knee joint mechanics and biomechanical mechanisms leading to osteoarthritis (OA). The most common and widely available imaging method for knee OA diagnostics is planar X-ray imaging, while more sophisticated imaging methods, e.g.

Optical Coherence Tomography based indices in predicting functional outcome of macular hole surgery: A retrospective chart review.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the utility of novel macular hole indices of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and predicting the functional outcome of surgery.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of 28 eyes who underwent surgery for idiopathic Full Thickness Macular Hole (FTMH) at The Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi from January 2016 to March 2020. Data of preoperative OCTs were recovered from data server of OCT machine.

Use of Intravitreal Methotrexate Infusion in Complicated Retinal Detachment for Prevention of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy in a Pilot Study.

Objective The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of per-operative intravitreal methotrexate (MTX) infusion during vitrectomy in patients of retinal detachment (RD) with advanced grade proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Methods In this prospective interventional case series, we included patients with Grade C PVR, recurrent RD, and open globe trauma. All patients underwent standard single surgeon operated 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with 80mg of MTX in 1000mL of irrigation fluid.

Efficacy of inverted internal limiting membrane flap for large idiopathic macular holes.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of inverted internal limiting membrane flap in large idiopathic macular holes.

Methods: Twelve patients diagnosed with idiopathic macular holes larger than 400um underwent 23 gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV) with inverted internal limiting flap and gas tamponade at Al-Ehsan Eye Welfare Eye Hospital, Lahore from February 2017 to February 2018. All cases were diagnosed on Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) and were followed up for 6 months.

Comparison of the effect of regular and probiotic cake (Bacillus coagulans) on salivary pH and Streptococcus mutans count.

Background: Dental caries is considered the most common infectious disease in humans worldwide. Cariogenesis is the outcome of a complex interaction between the host's oral flora and diet. The consumption of snacks such as cake, which have the potential to promote dental caries, has increased.