Interleukin in Immune-Mediated Diseases: An Updated Review.

The immune system comprises various regulators and effectors that elicit immune responses against various attacks on the body. The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is derived from the deregulated expression of cytokines, the major regulators of the immune system. Among cytokines, interleukins have a major influence on immune-mediated diseases.

A clinical and molecular characterization of a Pakistani family with multicentric osteolysis, nodulosis and arthropathy (MONA) syndrome.

Multicentric osteolysis nodulosis and arthropathy (MONA) is a rare skeletal dysplasia characterized primarily by progressive osteolysis, particularly affecting the carpal and tarsal bones, accompanied by osteoporosis. In addition, it features subcutaneous nodules on the palms and soles, along with the progressive onset of arthropathy, encompassing joint contractures, pain, swelling and stiffness. It is caused by a deficiency of the Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2).

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Mitigates Kidney Dysfunction in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice via Modulation of Renal Iron Regulatory Genes.

Kidney dysfunction is a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus, contributing significantly to diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. We aim to explore whether platelet-rich plasma administration can modulate iron regulation mechanism within the kidney, thereby mitigating renal dysfunction associated with diabetes. Albino mice with an average body weight of 20 ± 5 g were randomly divided into five groups (N = 50; n = 10): Control Group, PRP Group, diabetic group (DG), treated group A (TA), and treated group B (TB).

Carbonylative cyclization of biaryl enones with aldehydes and oxamic acids.

An oxidative radical-promoted carbonylative cyclization strategy for the synthesis of phenanthren-9-(10)-one frameworks from biaryl enones using aldehydes as the carbonyl radical sources is disclosed. The reaction proceeds through a sequential addition of a carbonyl radical to the olefin followed by cyclization with an aryl ring. The method is further extended to carbamoyl radicals generated from oxamic acids to access the corresponding phenanthrenones with amide functionalities.

Protein disulfide isomerase uses thrombin-antithrombin complex as a template to bind its target protein and alter the blood coagulation rates.

During inflammation and situations of cellular stress protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is released in the blood plasma from the platelet and endothelial cells to influence thrombosis. The addition of exogenous PDI makes the environment pro-thrombotic by inducing disulfide bond formation in specific plasma protein targets like vitronectin, factor V, and factor XI. However, the mechanistic details of PDI interaction with its target remain largely unknown.

Management of Chronic Osteomyelitis and Antibiotic Stewardship; An Effort to Delay the Post-Antibiotic Era.

Objective: To develop an effective antimicrobial strategy for the management of chronic osteomyelitis.

Study Design: Observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Departments of Microbiology and Orthopaedics, Combined Military Hospital Malir, Karachi, Pakistan, from January 2021 to February 2022.

Insight into the interaction of isochroman with bovine serum albumin: extensive experimental and computational investigations.

The way therapeutic compounds interact with serum protein provides valuable information on their pharmacokinetics, toxicity, effectiveness, and even their structural-related information. Isochroman (IC) is a phytochemical compound obtained from the leaves of plant. The derivatives of IC have various pharmacological properties including antidepressants, antihistamines, antiinflammation, anticonvulsants, appetite depressants, etc.

Essential Oils of Some Potential Medicinal Plants and their Wound Healing Activities.

The wound has been recognised as a deep cut or tearing of the epidermis, which is also referred to as trauma and harm to the body tissues. Healing of wounds requires a coordinated series of cellular processes, including cell attraction, proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis. These processes involve interactions between various cells, such as macrophages, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, growth hormones, and proteases.

Phytoremediation through microstructural and functional alterations in alkali weed ( L.) in the hyperarid saline desert.

Salt excretory halophytes are the major sources of phytoremediation of salt-affected soils. Cressa cretica is a widely distributed halophyte in hypersaline lands in the Cholistan Desert. Therefore, identification of key physio-anatomical traits related to phytoremediation in differently adapted populations was focused on.

Foliar architecture differentially restrains metal sequestration capacity in wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in hyper-chloride-contaminated soils.

Anthropogenic activities, such as industrial wastewater and use of water softeners, cause hyper-accumulation of Cl in water sources and soils. Currently, industries have no sustainable method to remove these Cl ions from wastewater. This study was conducted to evaluate the integrative responses of wheat cultivated in five industrial effluent-affected areas (S2-S6) by investigating soil characters and bioaccumulation of metals in wheat plants and grains.

Preparation of nanoformulation of 5-fluorouracil to improve anticancer efficacy: integrated spectroscopic, docking, and MD simulation approaches.

Nanoformulations (NFs) can be used as a novel drug delivery system to treat all cancer types. One of the major drawbacks of conventional anticancer drugs is that they have poor specificity and higher toxicity towards normal cells. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a well-studied anticancer drug that has a significant role in various cancers, specifically colorectal cancer therapy.

Unravelling the molecular interactions of phenyl isothiocyanate and benzoyl isothiocyanate with human lysozyme: Biophysical and computational analyses.

Phenyl isothiocyanate and benzoyl isothiocyanate are the phytochemicals present in the Brassicaceae family. They have antibacterial, antiapoptotic and antifungal properties. Protein-small molecule interaction studies are done to assess the changes in structure, dynamics, and functions of protein and to decipher the binding mechanism.

Radical-mediated sulfonylative/thiolative cyclization of biaryl enones to phenanthrone derivatives.

An approach for the assembly of phenanthrone derivatives bearing all carbon quaternary centres has been developed through visible light-promoted tandem sulfonylation/intramolecular-arylation of biaryl enones with sulfonyl chlorides. A series of sulfonylated 10,10-dialkylphenanthrones were obtained in good yields. In addition, the approach has been extended to thiotrifluoromethyl (SCF) and thiocyanato (SCN) radicals to obtain the corresponding phenanthrones under oxidative conditions.

Naringin binds to protein disulfide isomerase to inhibit its activity and modulate the blood coagulation rates: Implications in controlling thrombosis.

Currently used antithrombotic drugs are beset with several drawbacks which necessitates the need for new and cheaper alternatives. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is secreted in the blood plasma in cellular stress conditions and initiates the thrombus formation. A screening of library of natural compounds revealed that naringin had a high binding affinity for the PDI (-8.

Genetic basis of ß-thalassemia in families of pashtun ethnicity in Dera Ismail Khan district of Khyber Pakhtun-Khwa province, Pakistan.

Objectives: The objective of current genetic research was to verify the genetic basis of ß-thalassemia and its pattern of inheritance in families of Pashtun ethnicity in District Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan.

Methodology: Blood samples from clinically diagnosed five unrelated ß-thalassemia families were collected and target Sanger Sequencing of HBB gene was done. Moreover, in silico analysis including protein modeling and Protein-Protein docking was aslo performed.

Comparative evaluation of treatment outcome of partial pulpotomy using different agents in permanent teeth-a randomized controlled trial.

Aim: To compare and evaluate the clinical and radiographic performance, post-operative pain, and anti-inflammatory intake after partial pulpotomy (PP) with calcium hydroxide (CH), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine (BD), and Emdogain (EMD) as pulp capping agents in mature permanent molars with definitive diagnosis of reversible pulpitis.

Materials And Methods: As part of this prospective, randomized clinical trial with four parallel arms (CTRI Registration No.: CTRI/2020/11/029329 dated 24/11/2020), hundred and ten permanent molars with a clinical diagnosis of reversible pulpitis and normal apical tissues, from patients between the ages of 15 and 45 years, were recruited and randomly assigned to four groups-CH, MTA, BD, and EMD.

Phytoremediation potential modulated by structural and functional traits in a saline desert halophyte Fagonia indica Burm. f.

Using halophytes for phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly technique, now gaining importance all over the world. Fagonia indica Burm. f.

Morpho-anatomical determinants of yield potential in Olea europaea L. cultivars belonging to diversified origin grown in semi-arid environments.

Plant performance is mainly estimated based on plant architecture, leaf features and internal microstructural changes. Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a drought tolerant, oil yielding, and medium sized woody tree that shows specific structural and functional modifications under changing environment.

Strand 1A variant in neuroserpin shows increased aggregation and no loss of inhibition: implication in ameliorating polymerization to retain activity.

Neuroserpin (NS) is predominantly expressed in the brain and is the primary inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). NS variants are associated with the neurogenerative disease termed familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB). The disease is characterized by variable age of onset and severity.

and binding studies of phytochemical isochroman with calf thymus DNA using multi-spectroscopic and computational modelling techniques.

A wide range of therapeutic molecules uses deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as an intracellular target. The interaction of small molecules to DNA is a key feature in pharmacology and plays a vital role in the development of novel and more efficient drugs with increased selective activity and enhanced therapeutic effectiveness. Isochroman (IC) is a constituent of plant, which has been shown to exhibit several beneficial pharmacological activities.

Nanogels as Potential Delivery Vehicles in Improving the Therapeutic Efficacy of Phytopharmaceuticals.

Nanogel is a promising drug delivery approach to improve the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic prospect of phytopharmaceuticals. In the present review, phytopharmaceuticals with astonishing therapeutic utilities are being explored. However, their in vivo delivery is challenging, owing to poor biopharmaceutical attributes that impact their drug release profile, skin penetration, and the reach of optimal therapeutic concentrations to the target site.

Computational Studies Followed by Effect of Solvent Polarity and Salts on HOMO-LUMO Gap of 7-Hydroxy Coumarine Notabally Reflected by Absorption and Emission Spectra.

7-Hydroxycoumarin's FT-IR solid phase spectra were observed at 4000-400 cm. The spectra were analyzed in aspects of significant approaches. DFT was used to optimize the structure of the compound and its structural properties.

Identification and validation of two alternatively spliced novel isoforms of human α-1-antichymotrypsin.

α-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) is a serine proteinase inhibitor that controls the activity of proteases like chymotrypsin, cathepsin G and mast cell chymase. Familial variants of ACT results in liver and lung diseases, but it is also reported to be associated with several other disease conditions. ACT is mainly synthesized in the liver using four coding exons, namely E1, E2, E3 and E4 encoding a 423 amino acid protein that also includes a 23 amino acid signal peptide.