Mechanochemical Synthesis of Diclofenac Conjugates with Glucosamine and Chitosan Exhibiting COX-2 Selective Ulcer Safe Anti-inflammatory Activity.

Introduction: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with severe gastrointestinal irritation upon prolonged use, largely due to their carboxylic (-- COOH) functional group.

Aim: To address this issue, we aimed to synthesize diclofenac conjugates with glucosamine and chitosan, converting the -COOH group into an amide (-CONH-) via a mechanochemical, environmentally friendly method.

Method: In this study, diclofenac acid was first converted to its acid chloride using thionyl chloride under mechanochemical conditions and subsequently reacted with glucosamine base and chitosan.

Formulation and Characterization of Polymeric Cross-Linked Hydrogel Patches for Topical Delivery of Antibiotic for Healing Wound Infections.

Wound healing faces significant challenges in clinical settings. It often contains a series of dynamic and complex physiological healing processes. Instead of creams, ointments and solutions, alternative treatment approaches are needed.

Fabrication of pH responsive hydrogel blends of chondroitin sulfate/pluronic F-127 for the controlled release of ketorolac: its characterization and acute oral toxicity study.

Objective: Ketorolac tromethamine (KT), selected as a model drug, is used in management of moderate to severe acute pain. It has a short half-life (∼5.5 h) and requires frequent dose administration when needed for longer period of time.