Tiaoxin Recipe, a Chinese herbal formula, inhibits microRNA-34a expression in the APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: To investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of Tiaoxin Recipe (a Chinese herbal formula) treatment on Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Twelve-week-old APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) double transgenic mice were used as a model of AD-afflicted mice. One group of mice was treated with Tiaoxin Recipe by gastrogavage for 12 weeks, while two other groups were given intraperitoneal injections of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or FK866 for 4 weeks.

Effect of Quercetin on Atherosclerosis Based on Expressions of ABCA1, LXR-α and PCSK9 in ApoE Mice.

Objective: To investigate the effect of quercetin on ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), liver X receptor (LXR), and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) expressions in apoE-knockout (ApoE) mice.

Methods: The high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis (AS) in ApoE mice was established. Thirty-six mice were divided into 3 groups using random number table method: model group (n=12), quercetin group (n=12), and atorvastatin group (n=12), with C57BL/6J mice of the same strain and age as the control group (n=12).

Quercetin protects against ox‑LDL‑induced injury via regulation of ABCAl, LXR‑α and PCSK9 in RAW264.7 macrophages.

Quercetin is a flavonoid that has anti‑inflammatory, anti‑oxidant and lipid metabolic effects. It has also been reported to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. The present study measured the effects of quercetin on the expression of ATP‑binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCAl), ATP‑binding cassette sub‑family G member 1 (ABCG1), liver X receptor‑α (LXR‑α), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), p53, p21 and p16 induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox‑LDL).

[Chinese herbal medicine for patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease based on syndrome differentiation: a randomized controlled trial].

Background: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by its gradual progression. At present, the cause and mechanism of AD are yet unclear, and there is no effective therapy for treating it. With development of global aging, the prevalence rate of AD is increasing.

β-amyloid peptide binds and regulates ectopic ATP synthase α-chain on neural surface.

Accumulation of the amyloid β protein (Aβ) in the brain is an important step in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Many molecules could bind with Aβ, among which some molecules mediate Aβ neuronal toxicity. Thus, it is of interest to study the binding proteins of Aβ, and the functions that might be affected by Aβ.

Neuronal cell surface ATP synthase mediates synthesis of extracellular ATP and regulation of intracellular pH.

The ATP synthase is known to play important roles in ATP generation and proton translocation within mitochondria. Here, we now provide evidence showing the presence of functional ecto-ATP synthase on the neuronal surface. Immunoblotting revealed that the α, β subunits of ATP synthase F1 portion are present in isolated fractions of plasma membrane and biotin-labelled surface protein from primary cultured neurons; the surface distribution of α, β subunits was also confirmed by immunofluorescence staining.