Publications by authors named "San-E Zhu"

Photosensitizers (PSs) with robust pH stability and the ability to generate both type I and type II reactive oxygen species (ROS) have gained significant attention due to their versatility in various applications. In this study, we employed an electron donor-acceptor engineering strategy to design and synthesize a fluoran-triphenylamine photosensitizer (Fl-TPA), using an ester-protected ring-opened fluoran cation as the electron acceptor and triphenylamine (TPA) as the electron donor. Compared to fluoran with a spirolactone structure, Fl-TPA exhibits a significant redshift in absorption, with good light capture capabilities in the 300-600 nm range.

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The next generation of stretchable electronics seeks to integrate superior mechanical properties with sustainability and sensing stability. Ionically conductive and liquid-free elastomers have gained recognition as promising candidates, addressing the challenges of evaporation and leakage in gel-based conductors. In this study, a sustainable polymeric deep eutectic system is synergistically integrated with amino-terminated hyperbranched polyamide-modified fibers and aluminum ions, forming a conductive supramolecular network with significant improvements in mechanical performance.

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Polylactic acid (PLA) is widely known for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and high transparency. However, it still has varied limitations such as flammability, UV sensitivity, and poor oxygen barrier properties. To address these issues, a bio-based compound, hexasubstituted cyclotriphosphazene (HVP), was synthesized by using vanillin and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene to enhance the overall performance of PLA.

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Functionalized hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) have arisen as compelling anticorrosive additives, yet the precise mechanism of their corrosion resistance enhancement in coatings remains unclear. Here, polyethylenimine functionalized BNNSs (PEI-BNNSs) with approximately 6-11 layers were prepared through a "one-step" method. Then, the PEI-BNNSs/Waterborne epoxy (WEP) composite coatings were incorporated via the waterborne latex blending method for the anticorrosion of the Q235 substrate.

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Article Synopsis
  • The regulation of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is important for its practical applications, and this study focuses on designing achiral pyrene derivatives to explore their CPL behaviors in chiral co-assemblies.
  • Three pyrene derivatives (Py-1, Py-2, Py-3) with different substituents and a chiral inducer were created, revealing that their CPL emission can be tuned based on structural symmetry during co-assembly.
  • The strongest CPL emission was observed in the co-assembly using Py-2, which exhibited significant interaction leading to the formation of ordered nanofibers, highlighting a new method for controlling CPL emissions.
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Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) with heavy-atom-free organic triplet photosensitizers has attracted extensive attention recently, however, the successful examples with absorption in red and first near-infrared (NIR-I, 650-900 nm) region are still insufficient. Herein, we conducted a new TTA-UC system of perylene using C-bodipy-triphenylamine triad () as the heavy-atom-free photosensitizer. Efficient red-to-blue (663 to 450 nm) TTA-UC was achieved in this system with an anti-Stokes shift of 0.

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A broadband visible light-absorbing []fullerene-BODIPY-triphenylamine triad () has been synthesized and applied as a heavy atom-free organic triplet photosensitizer for photooxidation. By attaching two triphenylmethyl amine units (TPAs) to the π-core of BODIPY via ethynyl linkers, the absorption range of the antenna is extended to 700 nm with a peak at 600 nm. Thus, the absorption spectrum of almost covers the entire UV-visible region (270-700 nm).

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Article Synopsis
  • Polyimide (PI) aerogels are lightweight materials known for their low density and strong thermal stability, but they need surface modifications to enhance oil/water separation due to their amphiphilic nature.
  • Incorporating two-dimensional MXenes as nanofillers strengthens these aerogels, allowing for the creation of robust and hydrophobic PI/MXene structures through freeze-drying and thermal processing.
  • The resulting PI/MXene aerogels demonstrate impressive properties, including excellent compressive performance, high oil absorption (18 to 58 times their weight), superelasticity after multiple cycles, and the ability to effectively separate oils from water, while maintaining thermal stability and fire safety.
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Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has broad applications as lightweight materials due to its multiple advantages and unique properties. Nevertheless, toxicity emission under fire conditions remains a major concern, particularly in building fire scenarios. To circumvent the problem, it is imperative that an effective flame retardant is sought to suppress the flame and release of combustion/smoke products whilst maintaining the favorable material properties of TPU.

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A novel three-dimensional (3D) epoxy/graphene nanosheet/hydroxylated boron nitride (EP/GNS/BNOH) hybrid aerogel was successfully fabricated in this study. This was uniquely achieved by constructing a well-defined and interconnected 3D network architecture. The manufacturing process of EP/GNS/BNOH involved a simple one-pot hydrothermal strategy, followed by the treatment of freeze-drying and high-temperature curing.

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High-performance poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) (PBT) nanocomposites have been developed via the consideration of phosphorus-containing agents and amino-carbon nanotube (A-CNT). One-pot functionalization method has been adopted to prepare functionalized CNTs via the reaction between A-CNT and different oxidation state phosphorus-containing agents, including chlorodiphenylphosphine (DPP-Cl), diphenylphosphinic chloride (DPP(O)-Cl), and diphenyl phosphoryl chloride (DPP(O₃)-Cl). These functionalized CNTs, DPP(O)-A-CNTs ( = 0, 1, 3), were, respectively, mixed with PBT to obtain the CNT-based polymer nanocomposites through a melt blending method.

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Article Synopsis
  • Two light-harvesting systems, dyad P1 and triad P2, were created using perylenebisimide (PDI) and fullerene (C), optimized for energy transfer with a fixed distance maintained by a biphenyl linker.
  • Steady-state and transient spectroscopy showed effective energy transfer from PDI to C, culminating in high triplet C production, making these compounds strong candidates for generating singlet oxygen.
  • The triad P2 with two C units outperforms both dyad P1 and the common photosensitizer methylene blue in photooxidation efficiency, suggesting a promising new direction for developing efficient triplet photosensitizers.
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Fullerene derivatives with different addition patterns exhibit different physical, chemical, and biological properties, which are important for fullerene applications. Novel and rare 1,2,3,16-functionalized [60]fullerene derivatives having a five-membered heterocycle fused to a [5,6]-junction were obtained with high regioselectivity by electrochemical derivatization of a [60]fulleroindoline. The product structures were determined by spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray analysis.

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A self-decoupled porphyrin with a tripodal anchor has been synthesized and deposited on Au(111) using different wet-chemistry methods. Nanoscale electroluminescence from single porphyrin molecules or aggregates on Au(111) has been realized by tunneling electron excitation. The molecular origin of the luminescence is established by the vibrationally resolved fluorescence spectra observed.

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The low or lack of solubility of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene/graphite in organic solvents and water severely hampers the study of their chemical functionalizations and practical applications. Covalent and noncovalent functionalizations of fullerenes and related materials via mechanochemistry seem appealing to tackle these problems. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive coverage on the mechanochemical reactions of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphite, including dimerizations and trimerizations, nucleophilic additions, 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, Diels-Alder reactions, [2 + 1] cycloadditions of carbenes and nitrenes, radical additions, oxidations, etc.

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The silver carbonate promoted reaction of [60]fullerene with (Z)-N-arylbenzamidines afforded the unprecedented C60-fused imidazoline derivatives in high yields. Substrates with both electron-donating and -withdrawing groups on aromatic rings could be employed. In addition, the electrochemistry and further selective functionalization of the obtained C60-fused imidazolines were investigated.

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Thermal reactions of [60]fullerene with a series of amino acids and amino acid esters under aerobic and dark conditions have been investigated. Fulleropyrrolidines can be obtained from these reactions although an aldehyde is not added purposely. Possible reaction mechanisms involving uncommon C-N bond cleavages have been proposed to generate aldehydes, which then react with amino acids and amino acid esters to provide azomethine ylides, followed by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to [60]fullerene affording fulleropyrrolidines.

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The reaction of an organic azide with an endohedral metallofullerene has been investigated for the first time. Isomeric [5,6]- and [6,6]-azafulleroids can be obtained from the thermal reaction of Sc(3)N@I(h)-C(80) with 4-isopropoxyphenyl azide, while photoirradiation leads exclusively to the [6,6]-azafulleroid. An unprecedented thermal interconversion between the two isomeric azafulleroids has also been discovered.

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Radical reaction of [60]fullerene with phosphonate esters mediated by manganese(III) acetate in chlorobenzene afforded singly-bonded fullerene dimers, of which the individual meso and racemic isomers could be unexpectedly separated out for the first time.

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