A mixed methods study investigating factors affecting adherence to Plasmodium vivax malaria primaquine radical cure regimens among migrants along the Myanmar-Thailand border.

Background: The countries within the Greater Mekong Region of Southeast Asia have pledged to eliminate malaria by 2030. Elimination of Plasmodium vivax malaria is challenging as it requires radical cure to prevent relapse. Understanding and facilitating adherence to primaquine radical cure regimens is necessary for malaria elimination.

The 1000 Mitoses Project: A Consensus-Based International Collaborative Study on Mitotic Figures Classification.

The identification of mitotic figures is essential for the diagnosis, grading, and classification of various different tumors. Despite its importance, there is a paucity of literature reporting the consistency in interpreting mitotic figures among pathologists. This study leverages publicly accessible datasets and social media to recruit an international group of pathologists to score an image database of more than 1000 mitotic figures collectively.

Plasma galectin-9 relates to cognitive performance and inflammation among adolescents with vertically acquired HIV.

Objective: Adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (AWH) are at an increased risk of poor cognitive development yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Circulating galectin-9 (Gal-9) has been associated with increased inflammation and multimorbidity in adults with HIV despite antiretroviral therapy (ART); however, the relationship between Gal-9 in AWH and cognition remain unexplored.

Design: A cross-sectional study of two independent age-matched cohorts from India [AWH on ART ( n  = 15), ART-naive ( n  = 15), and adolescents without HIV (AWOH; n  = 10)] and Myanmar [AWH on ART ( n  = 54) and AWOH ( n  = 22)] were studied.

Pericardiotomy and atrial fibrillation after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 randomised controlled trials.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and pericardial effusion are notable complications following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), contributing to increased morbidity and healthcare costs. Posterior pericardiotomy has been proposed to mitigate these complications. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the efficacy of posterior pericardiotomy in reducing postoperative AF and pericardial effusion in isolated CABG patients.

Histone Lysine Demethylase KDM5 Inhibitor CPI-455 Induces Astrocytogenesis in Neural Stem Cells.

Lysine-specific histone demethylase 5A (KDM5A) is known to facilitate proliferation in cancer cells and maintain stemness to repress the astrocytic differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). In the study presented here, we investigated the effect of a KDM5 inhibitor, CPI-455, on NSC fate control. CPI-455 induced astrocytogenesis in NSCs during differentiation.

Real-world clinical scenarios during introduction of trastuzumab biosimilar for HER2-positive breast cancer in the European Union.

Trastuzumab-anns is an intravenously administered biosimilar to trastuzumab approved by the EMA and US FDA for treatment of HER2+ early and metastatic breast cancer as well as metastatic gastric cancer. Lack of real-world characterization of biosimilar use has hindered uptake. This observational chart review characterizes 488 patients who received trastuzumab-anns in EU clinical practice settings.

Bortezomib Is Toxic but Induces Neurogenesis and Inhibits TUBB3 Degradation in Rat Neural Stem Cells.

Bortezomib (BTZ) is a proteasome inhibitor used to treat multiple myeloma (MM). However, the induction of peripheral neuropathy is one of the major concerns in using BTZ to treat MM. In the current study, we have explored the effects of BTZ (0.

Case Report of Probable DRESS Syndrome Associated with Ribociclib.

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a rare but known and potentially severe side effect of drugs. The recent development of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, such as ribociclib, has considerably improved the management of hormone receptor positive (HR+) and HER2 negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer. Here, we present the case of an 83-year-old patient who developed a probable DRESS syndrome induced by ribociclib, presenting with fever, eosinophilia, rash, and hepatic cytolysis.

Initial presentation of granulomatosis with polyangiitis as urethral mass mimicking urethral cancer: A case report.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a type of vasculitis in which granulomas deposit in small and medium-size vessels causing inflammation. It frequently affects the respiratory tract, both upper and lower tracts. Glomerulonephritis commonly occurs as well, and other systems can be affected such as the integumentary system and peripheral nervous system.

Molecular Epidemiological Characterization of and Clinical Isolates from a National Tertiary Care Hospital in Myanmar: Co-Isolation of Multiple Clones and Identification of Novel Staphylocoagulase Genotype.

Spread of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors among / poses a potential public health concern in Myanmar. In this study, a total of 226 clinical isolates of ( = 211) and ( = 15) collected in Yangon General Hospital during a two-year period were analyzed for their antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic features. Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) accounted for 19% of isolates, associated with mostly staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) type IV, or V.

Pathogen and Antibody Identification in Children with Encephalitis in Myanmar.

Objective: Prospective studies of encephalitis are rare in regions where encephalitis is prevalent, such as low middle-income Southeast Asian countries. We compared the diagnostic yield of local and advanced tests in cases of pediatric encephalitis in Myanmar.

Methods: Children with suspected subacute or acute encephalitis at Yangon Children's Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar, were prospectively recruited from 2016-2018.

Advances in application of single-cell RNA sequencing in cardiovascular research.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides high-resolution information on transcriptomic changes at the single-cell level, which is of great significance for distinguishing cell subtypes, identifying stem cell differentiation processes, and identifying targets for disease treatment. In recent years, emerging single-cell RNA sequencing technologies have been used to make breakthroughs regarding decoding developmental trajectories, phenotypic transitions, and cellular interactions in the cardiovascular system, providing new insights into cardiovascular disease. This paper reviews the technical processes of single-cell RNA sequencing and the latest progress based on single-cell RNA sequencing in the field of cardiovascular system research, compares single-cell RNA sequencing with other single-cell technologies, and summarizes the extended applications and advantages and disadvantages of single-cell RNA sequencing.

Association between thyroid autoimmunity and antidepressant treatment-emergent mania in pediatric mood disorders.

Risk factors associated with antidepressant treatment-emergent mania(ATEM) are poorly characterized in child and adolescent populations. To identify better biomarkers, we aimed to explore whether thyroid autoimmunity is associated with ATEM in pediatric mood disorders. We enrolled two groups of pediatric mood disorders, those with ATEM+ (n = 29) and those with ATEM- controls (n = 31).

Bacterial Species and Antimicrobial Resistance of Clinical Isolates from Pediatric Patients in Yangon, Myanmar, 2020.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a concern in medical care for children who have high burden of infectious diseases. We investigated the prevalence of bacterial species and their susceptibility to antimicrobials of 1019 clinical isolates from pediatric patients in a tertiary-care hospital in Yangon, Myanmar for one-year period (2020). The most frequently recovered species was , followed by and , all of which accounted for 43% of clinical isolates, while 25% of isolates comprised non-fermenter, including sp.

Clonal Diversity and Molecular Characteristics of Methicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant from Pediatric Patients in Myanmar.

The spread of multidrug-resistant and virulent among children is a public health concern, but the actual conditions in Myanmar have not been characterized. In this study, a total of 244 clinical isolates of collected from pediatric patients in Yangon Children's Hospital during a 1-year period were analyzed for their drug resistance and genetic features. Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) accounted for 19.

Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers: Protection mechanisms and strategies against oxidative stress-related diseases.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers (Menispermaceae) is a Mediterranean herb, used in Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani, and folk medicines. The herb is also used in conventional medicine to treat oxidative stress-related diseases and conditions, including inflammation, pain, diarrhea, asthma, respiratory infections, cancer, diabetes, and gastrointestinal disorders.

Prevalence and seroprevalence of Plasmodium infection in Myanmar reveals highly heterogeneous transmission and a large hidden reservoir of infection.

Malaria incidence in Myanmar has significantly reduced over recent years, however, completeness and timeliness of incidence data remain a challenge. The first ever nationwide malaria infection and seroprevalence survey was conducted in Myanmar in 2015 to better understand malaria epidemiology and highlight gaps in Annual Parasite Index (API) data. The survey was a cross-sectional two-stage stratified cluster-randomised household survey conducted from July-October 2015.

Lithium inhibits oxidative stress-induced neuronal senescence through miR-34a.

Neuronal senescence, triggered by telomere shortening, oncogene activation, DNA damage, or oxidative stress, has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases' pathogenesis. Therefore, preventing neuronal senescence could be a novel treatment strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. Lithium (Li), the first-line treatment against bipolar disorder, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in clinical, pre-clinical, and in vitro studies.

Automated detection of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure using GaborCNN model with ECG signals.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are main causes of death globally with coronary artery disease (CAD) being the most important. Timely diagnosis and treatment of CAD is crucial to reduce the incidence of CAD complications like myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemia-induced congestive heart failure (CHF). Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are most commonly employed as the diagnostic screening tool to detect CAD.

High burden of infections caused by ESBL-producing MDR in paediatric patients, Yangon, Myanmar.

Background: There is mounting evidence of a high burden of antimicrobial-resistant infections in children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Objectives: To detect the frequency of ESBL-producing in clinical specimens from paediatric patients attending Yangon Children's Hospital in Myanmar.

Methods: All children attending Yangon Children's Hospital who had clinical specimens submitted to the hospital diagnostic microbiology laboratory from June 2019 to December 2019 were included in the study.

Randomized Controlled Trial of the Electrocardiographic Effects of Four Antimalarials for Pregnant Women with Uncomplicated Malaria on the Thailand-Myanmar Border.

Quinoline antimalarials cause drug-induced electrocardiographic QT prolongation, a potential risk factor for torsade de pointes. The effects of currently used antimalarials on the electrocardiogram (ECG) were assessed in pregnant women with malaria. Pregnant women with microscopy-confirmed parasitemia of any malaria species were enrolled in an open-label randomized controlled trial on the Thailand-Myanmar border from 2010 to 2016.

The secret of health in daily cuisine: typical healthy vegetables in local markets in central Myanmar.

Background: Central Myanmar is located in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, and the Bamar people are the main ethnic group, which settled there over 1000 years ago. Despite being the core region of the country, central Myanmar has been ignored in previous ethnobotanical studies. Local healthy foods and knowledge are regarded as treasures for resource development and pharmaceutical drug discovery, and market surveys are a good strategy in ethnobotanical research.

A new sesquineolignan and four new neolignans isolated from the leaves of Piper betle, a traditional medicinal plant in Myanmar.

One new sesquineolignan, piperneolignan A (1), four new neolignans, piperneolignans B-E (2-5), and eight known compounds were isolated from the leaves of Piper betle (Piperaceae) collected from Myanmar. These new structures were determined by analysis of MS and NMR data, and the absolute configuration of piperneolignan A was elucidated by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Piperneolignan A (1), piperneolignan B (2), hydroxychavicol (6), p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (10), and diallylcatechol (13) possessed anti-inflammatory activity against nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophage RAW 264.

Platelet reactivity in response to aspirin and ticagrelor in African-Americans and European-Americans.

Platelet gene polymorphisms are associated with variable on-treatment platelet reactivity and vary by race. Whether differences in platelet reactivity and aspirin or ticagrelor exist between African-American and European-Americans remains poorly understood. Biological samples from three prior prospective antiplatelet challenge studies at the Duke Clinical Research Unit were used to compare platelet reactivity between African-American and European-American subjects.

Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor with an Unusual Clinical Course: A Late-onset and Late Recurrent Case.

Juvenile granulosa cell tumors (JGCTs) are rare ovarian tumors with overall good prognoses. They differ from adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs), which are well known for late recurrence. Most JGCTs (～97%) occur in individuals <30 years old.