In Vitro Tracking of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Using Ultra-Sensitive Quantum Dot-Embedded Silica Nanoparticles.

The nanoscale spatiotemporal resolution of single-particle tracking (SPT) renders it a powerful method for exploring single-molecule dynamics in living cells or tissues, despite the disadvantages of using traditional organic fluorescence probes, such as the weak fluorescent signal against the strong cellular autofluorescence background coupled with a fast-photobleaching rate. Quantum dots (QDs), which enable tracking targets in multiple colors, have been proposed as an alternative to traditional organic fluorescence dyes; however, they are not ideally suitable for applying SPT due to their hydrophobicity, cytotoxicity, and blinking problems. This study reports an improved SPT method using silica-coated QD-embedded silica nanoparticles (QD), which represent brighter fluorescence and are less toxic than single QDs.

Synthesis and Application of Silica-Coated Quantum Dots in Biomedicine.

Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanoparticles with outstanding optoelectronic properties. More specifically, QDs are highly bright and exhibit wide absorption spectra, narrow light bands, and excellent photovoltaic stability, which make them useful in bioscience and medicine, particularly for sensing, optical imaging, cell separation, and diagnosis. In general, QDs are stabilized using a hydrophobic ligand during synthesis, and thus their hydrophobic surfaces must undergo hydrophilic modification if the QDs are to be used in bioapplications.

Magnetic Nanoparticles.

Magnetic nanoparticles have been used in various fields such as data storage, biomedicine, or bioimaging with their unique magnetic property. With their low toxicity, the importance of magnetic nanoparticles keeps increasing especially in biological field. In this chapter, content suitable for scientific inquirers or undergraduates to acquire basic knowledge about nanotechnology is introduced and then recent research trends in nanotechnology are covered.

Assembly of Plasmonic and Magnetic Nanoparticles with Fluorescent Silica Shell Layer for Tri-functional SERS-Magnetic-Fluorescence Probes and Its Bioapplications.

In this study, we report on the fabrication of multilayered tri-functional magnetic-SERS-fluorescence nanoprobes (MF-SERS particles) containing clustered superparamagnetic FeO nanoparticles (NPs), silver NPs, and a fluorescent silica layer. The MF-SERS particles exhibited strong SERS signals from the silver NPs as well as both superparamagnetism and fluorescence. MF-SERS particles were uptaken by cells, allowing successful separation using an external magnetic field.

Ultrasensitive NIR-SERRS Probes with Multiplexed Ratiometric Quantification for In Vivo Antibody Leads Validation.

Immunotargeting ability of antibodies may show significant difference between in vitro and in vivo. To select antibody leads with high affinity and specificity, it is necessary to perform in vivo validation of antibody candidates following in vitro antibody screening. Herein, a robust in vivo validation of anti-tetraspanin-8 antibody candidates against human colon cancer using ratiometric quantification method is reported.

Highly Sensitive Magnetic-SERS Dual-Function Silica Nanoprobes for Effective On-Site Organic Chemical Detection.

We report magnetic silver nanoshells (M-AgNSs) that have both magnetic and SERS properties for SERS-based detection. The M-AgNSs are composed of hundreds of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles for rapid accumulation and bumpy silver shell for sensitive SERS detection by near-infrared laser excitation. The intensity of the SERS signal from the M-AgNSs was strong enough to provide single particle-level detection.

Double-Layer Magnetic Nanoparticle-Embedded Silica Particles for Efficient Bio-Separation.

Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) based nanomaterials have been exploited in various biotechnology fields including biomolecule separation. However, slow accumulation of Fe3O4 NPs by magnets may limit broad applications of Fe3O4 NP-based nanomaterials. In this study, we report fabrication of Fe3O4 NPs double-layered silica nanoparticles (DL MNPs) with a silica core and highly packed Fe3O4 NPs layers.

Direct identification of on-bead peptides using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic barcoding system for high-throughput bioanalysis.

Recently, preparation and screening of compound libraries remain one of the most challenging tasks in drug discovery, biomarker detection, and biomolecular profiling processes. So far, several distinct encoding/decoding methods such as chemical encoding, graphical encoding, and optical encoding have been reported to identify those libraries. In this paper, a simple and efficient surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) barcoding method using highly sensitive SERS nanoparticles (SERS ID) is presented.

Polymer-mediated formation and assembly of silver nanoparticles on silica nanospheres for sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection.

To impart a desired optical property to metal nanoparticles (NPs) suitable for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications, it is crucial to assemble them in two or three dimensions in addition to controlling their size and shape. Herein, we report a new strategy for the synthesis and direct assembly of Ag NPs on silica nanospheres (AgNPs-SiNS) in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatives such as PEG-OH, bis(amino)-PEGs (DA-PEGs), and O,O'-bis(2-aminopropyl)PEG (DAP-PEG). They exhibited different effects on the formation of Ag NPs with variable sizes (10-40 nm) and density on the silica surface.

Quantum dot-assembled nanoparticles with polydiacetylene supramolecule toward label-free, multiplexed optical detection.

Quantum dot (QD)-assembled silica nanoparticles bearing a polydiacetylene (PDA) supramolecule on their surface (SiO(2)@QDs@PDA NPs) were developed for label-free and multiplexed detection of biological molecules. Two types of QD-assembled silica NPs (SiO(2)@QDs NPs) were prepared and coated with the PDA supramolecule via photo-induced polymerization of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid. One of the SiO(2)@QDs NPs was embedded with blue-QDs, and the other was embedded with green-QDs for encoding.

Fabrication of biofunctional stents with endothelial progenitor cell specificity for vascular re-endothelialization.

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been identified as a crucial factor for re-endothelialization after stenting, resulting in the prevention of stent thrombosis and neointimal hyperplasia. Because EPCs can be introduced by antibody-antigen interactions, the suitable choice of antibody and the biocompatible surface modification technology including antibody immobilization are essential for developing an EPC-capturing stent. In this study, we fabricated a biofunctional stent with EPC specificity by grafting a hydrophilic polymer and consecutively immobilizing the antibody against vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) which is one of the specific EPC surface markers.

Comparison of endothelialization and neointimal formation with stents coated with antibodies against CD34 and vascular endothelial-cadherin.

Vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) is exclusively expressed on the late endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). Therefore, VE-cadherin could be an ideal target surface molecule to capture circulating late EPC. In the present study, we evaluated whether anti-VE-cadherin antibody-coated stents (VE-cad stents) might accelerate endothelial recovery and reduce neointimal formation more than anti-CD34 antibody-coated stents (CD34 stents) through the superior ability to capture the late EPC.

Stent coated with antibody against vascular endothelial-cadherin captures endothelial progenitor cells, accelerates re-endothelialization, and reduces neointimal formation.

Objective: In contrast to CD34, vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) is exclusively expressed on the late endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) whereas not on the early or myeloid EPC. Thus, VE-cadherin could be an ideal target surface molecule to capture circulating late EPC. In the present study, we evaluated whether anti-VE-cadherin antibody-coated stents (VE-cad stents) might accelerate endothelial recovery and reduce neointimal formation through the ability of capturing EPC.