Evaluation of The Three-Dimensional Endoscopy in Basic and Extended Nasal Procedures: A Clinical and Cadaveric Study.

 The three-dimensional (3D) endoscope is considered a new surgical tool used in different approaches in intranasal and anterior skull base surgical procedures. There are many advantages of 3D over two-dimensional (2D) endoscopy that have been demonstrated in clinical applications, surgical training, and different experimental studies.  To show the difference between using the 3D and 2D endoscopes during endonasal and anterior skull base surgery and its importance.

Nasal Reactivity After Radiofrequency Ablation of Peripheral Branches of Posterior Nasal Nerve.

Objective: Transection or ablation of the posterior nasal nerve (TRPN) has been described as an adjunctive tool to reduce the symptoms of intractable allergic rhinitis (AR). The procedure, however, requires surgical skill and carries the risk of bleeding from the sphenopalatine artery. The aim of the present study is to describe radiofrequency ablation of the peripheral branches of the posterior nasal nerves within the inferior turbinates (RAPN) as an effective easier alternative to TRPN.

Fat enhanced leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin versus fascia lata in endoscopic reconstruction of CSF leaks.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to use a new biological active fat enhanced leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin membrane (L-PRF) for skull base defect reconstruction and compare its validity and reliability with the time-honored fascia lata.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 48 patients with spontaneous CSF leaks who were divided into 2 matched groups by stratified randomization, 24 patients in each group. In group A we performed multilayer repair using fat enhanced L-PRF membrane.

Efficacy of pentasodium diethylenetriamine pentaacetate in ameliorating anosmia post COVID-19.

Background: COVID-19 has been frequently demonstrated to be associated with anosmia. Calcium cations are a mainstay in the transmission of odor. One of their documented effects is feedback inhibition.

Surgical correction of nasal obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea improves CPAP outcomes and compliance.

Background: Although continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy curtails most of the negative impacts of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), its efficacy is limited by its low long-term adherence. Nasal obstruction contributes to OSA pathophysiology and necessitates high CPAP titration pressures which reduce CPAP compliance.

Aim: This study aims at elucidating the outcomes of surgical correction of nasal obstruction in patients intolerant to CPAP therapy.

Passive smoking induces nasal biofilms in children.

Objectives: Passive exposure of children to cigarette smoke has been implicated in several recalcitrant respiratory childhood disorders. However, to our knowledge, no information is available regarding the connection between passive exposure to tobacco smoke and the formation of nasal biofilms in children. The present study was therefore geared at investigating the hypothesis that exposure of children to household passive smoking may induce the formation of nasal biofilms.

Quitting smoking reverses nasal mucosal changes.

Background: Smoking, whether active or passive, has proven deleterious effects on the nasal mucosa. There is also a link between smoking and development and/or maintenance of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Reversal of smoking-induced mucosal changes after quitting smoking is still unconfirmed and controversial.

A Myriad of Scleroma Presentations: The Usual and Unusual.

To prospectively study a series of scleroma patients with a focus on socioeconomic status, clinical presentation, pathology, microbiology, and treatment. A total of 52 patients diagnosed with scleroma were included in the study. Demographic data of the patients were collected and clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic findings were analyzed.

Combining Spreader Grafts with Suture Suspension for Management of Narrow Internal Nasal Valve Angles.

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the long-term results of combining spreader grafts with lateral suspension techniques for management of narrow internal nasal valves.

Methods: This prospective study included 79 patients who underwent surgical interference for dysfunctional nasal valve. The surgical intervention was a combination of two commonly used techniques for management of internal nasal valve dysfunction: spreader graft insertion and lateral suspension of the upper lateral cartilages.

Extramucosal pyriplasty without stenting for management of pyriform aperture stenosis.

Purpose: The current management options of congenital pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) are either conservative measures awaiting further growth of the bony nasal framework or surgical intervention that focuses on bone removal from the margin of the pyriform aperture (PA) without exposure of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) followed by stenting. Recently, CT measurements of the nasal cavity in CNPAS have shed light that the site of maximal bony obstruction corresponds to the bony buttress encasing the NLD rather than the margin of the PA as initially thought. Herein, we present an extramucosal pyriplasty technique that can be used without stenting to enlarge the PA and achieve immediate and sustained relief of nasal obstruction.

Endoscopic endonasal multilayer repair of traumatic CSF rhinorrhea.

The incidence of traumatic CSF has increased in recent years due to increased incidence of road traffic accidents (RTA) as well the increasing number of endoscopic sinus surgeries (ESS). The objective of this study is to present our experience in management of traumatic CSF leaks using the endoscopic multilayer repair technique. Forty-two patients (aged 10-75 years, 30 males and 12 females) presenting with confirmed post-traumatic CSF rhinorrhea were operated upon between January 2007 and December 2013.

Modified autospreader flap for nasal valve support: utilizing the spring effect of the upper lateral cartilage.

Nasal valve dysfunction has a role in up to 13% of adults complaining of chronic nasal obstruction yet it is overlooked by many physicians. In rhinoplasty and other nasal surgeries, preserving nasal function is the most significant issue. The autospreader flap has proved to be an effective spreader graft alternative.

Binasal endoscopic approach to the sellar region: experience and outcome analysis of 80 cases.

A prospective study was performed on 80 cases of different types of sellar lesions during the period between January 2007 and December 2010. The binasal approach was used in all patients. Functioning lesions were diagnosed in 59 patients.

Cytotoxicity and DNA cleavage with core-shell nanocomposites functionalized by a KH domain DNA binding peptide.

A nanoconjugate was composed of metal oxide nanoparticles decorated with peptides and fluorescent dye and tested for DNA cleavage following UV light activation. The peptide design was based on a DNA binding domain, the so called KH domain of the hnRNPK protein. This "KH peptide" enabled cellular uptake of nanoconjugates and their entry into cell nuclei.

Effect of passive smoking on the ultrastructure of the nasal mucosa in children.

Objectives/hypothesis: Passive exposure to cigarette smoke has been implicated in a number of respiratory childhood disorders. Most studies concerning smoking were directed to its carcinogenic effect on the lungs. However, the effects of smoking on nasal respiratory mucosa have not been widely studied.

Endoscopically directed middle meatal cultures vs computed tomographic scans in the diagnosis of bacterial sinusitis in intensive care units.

Purpose: The objective of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of endoscopically directed middle meatal cultures in the diagnosis of bacterial sinusitis in intensive care unit (ICU) patients in comparison with computed tomographic (CT) scans.

Patients And Methods: The study was conducted at Alexandria University Hospitals on 51 ICU patients with occult fever and clinical signs suggestive of sinusitis. Sinus CT scans were done for all patients, and Calgi swabs were obtained from the middle meatus bilaterally under endoscopic vision using sterile endoscopes with avoidance of any contamination of the swabs.

The nasal seromucinous glands after endoscopic sphenopalatine artery coagulation.

Endoscopic coagulation of the sphenopalatine artery (SPA) is indicated in patients with recurrent or severe posterior epistaxis. The present work aimed at studying the effects of the sphenopalatine artery coagulation on the nasal seromucinous glands. The study was carried out on 30 patients who were scheduled for endoscopic SPA coagulation.

Familial aggregation of nasal conditioning capacity.

In our previous studies on nasal conditioning, we observed a large variability among individuals to condition inspired air. Although we previously investigated various physiological parameters (age, sex, nasal mucosal temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and nasal volume) that might underlie these differences, we have been unable to explain this variability. Many proteins and molecules, which are under genetic control and could affect nasal conditioning, are involved in water transport,.

Effects of saline sprays on symptoms after endoscopic sinus surgery.

Background: Topical saline is commonly recommended after endoscopic sinus surgery. The efficacy in this situation has never been shown.

Methods: We performed a controlled clinical trial to determine the effect of saline sprays on symptoms after endoscopic sinus surgery.

Chronic subglottic and tracheal stenosis: endoscopic management vs. surgical reconstruction.

Laryngotracheal stenosis has been and remains one of the most vexing problems in the field of head and neck surgery. Two treatment modalities prevail, endoscopic and external. The indication for each modality is not yet clearly defined.

Some risk factors for refractory chronic sinusitis: an immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study.

The goal of the present work was to investigate possible risk factors for the poor response of some cases of chronic sinusitis to endoscopic sinus surgery in spite of the precision of the surgical technique. Eleven adult patients who were scheduled for revision endoscopic sinus surgery underwent a complete allergy workup. At the time of surgery, a tiny biopsy was taken from the maxillary sinus mucosa close to the middle turbinate.