Detrimental Effects of Lipid Peroxidation in Type 2 Diabetes: Exploring the Neutralizing Influence of Antioxidants.

Lipid peroxidation, including its prominent byproducts such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), has long been linked with worsened metabolic health in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In fact, patients with T2D already display increased levels of lipids in circulation, including low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides, which are easily attacked by reactive oxygen molecules to give rise to lipid peroxidation. This process severely depletes intracellular antioxidants to cause excess generation of oxidative stress.

The association of (rs1801133) with hypertension in an indigenous south African population.

The current study sought to investigate the association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase () variant (rs1801133) and the risk of developing hypertension (HTN) in an indigenous South African population. A total of 442 participants (hypertensive, = 279 and non-hypertensive, = 163) from the indigenous tribe residing in Mthatha, Eastern Cape (South Africa) were recruited. HTN was defined as a systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of ≥130/80 mmHg following American Heart Association guidelines.

Characterization and Comparison of the Divergent Metabolic Consequences of High-Sugar and High-Fat Diets in Male Wistar Rats.

Diet-induced obesity (DIO) in laboratory rodents can serve as a model with which to study the pathophysiology of obesity, but obesogenic diets (high-sugar and/or high-fat) are often poorly characterised and simplistically aimed at inducing metabolic derangements for the purpose of testing the therapeutic capacity of natural products and other bioactive compounds. Consequently, our understanding of the divergent metabolic responses to different obesogenic diet formulations is limited. The aim of the present study was to characterise and compare differences in the metabolic responses induced by low-fat, medium-fat/high-sugar and high-fat diets in rats through multivariate statistical modelling.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphism (rs1801133) and the Risk of Hypertension among African Populations: A Narrative Synthesis of Literature.

In this review, we have gathered and analyzed the available genetic evidence on the association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (), rs1801133 and the risk of Hypertension (HTN) in African populations, which was further compared to the global data evidence. This review was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and Human Genome Epidemiology Network (HuGENet) guidelines. Literature was retrieved through major search databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and African Journal Online.

(Marula) Extract Inhibits Hepatic Steatosis in Mice.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of hepatic metabolic perturbations ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, lifestyle modifications to reduce weight gain are considered the most effective means of preventing and treating the disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the therapeutic benefit of (Marula leaf extract, MLE) on hepatic steatosis.

N-Acetyl Cysteine Targets Hepatic Lipid Accumulation to Curb Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in NAFLD: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Literature.

Impaired adipose tissue function and insulin resistance remain instrumental in promoting hepatic lipid accumulation in conditions of metabolic syndrome. In fact, enhanced lipid accumulation together with oxidative stress and an abnormal inflammatory response underpin the development and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There are currently no specific protective drugs against NAFLD, and effective interventions involving regular exercise and healthy diets have proved difficult to achieve and maintain.

The effect of adiponectin in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the potential role of polyphenols in the modulation of adiponectin signaling.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide, as it affects up to 30 % of adults in Western countries. Moreover, NAFLD is also considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance and inflammation have been identified as key factors in the pathophysiology of NAFLD.

Aspalathin ameliorates doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts.

Aspalathin (ASP) is a C-dihydrochalcone abundantly found in Aspalathus linearis. While we have provide evidence that ASP can protect H9c2 cardiomyoblasts against doxorubicin (Dox)-induced apoptosis through regulation of autophagy, the complete mechanism involved in the cardioprotective effect of this dihydrochalcone remains to be explored. Here we provide evidence that ASP reverses Dox-induced apoptosis through the amelioration of oxidative stress in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts.

Aspalathin Reverts Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity through Increased Autophagy and Decreased Expression of p53/mTOR/p62 Signaling.

Doxorubicin (Dox) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of various cancers. Its clinical use is often limited due to its potentially fatal cardiotoxic side effect. Increasing evidence indicates that tumour protein p53 (p53), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nucleoporin p62 (p62), and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are critical mediators of Dox-induced apoptosis, and subsequent dysregulation of autophagy.