Isolated Infraspinatus Myositis after Intramuscular Vaccine Administration.

Case: A 74-year-old female developed left shoulder pain after receiving an influenza vaccine. Her initial physical exam was suggestive of subacromial bursitis, and a corticosteroid injection into the subacromial space resulted in a 50% improvement in her pain. Subsequent MRI demonstrated myositis isolated to the infraspinatus muscle.

Lower Extremity Injury Rates on Artificial Turf Versus Natural Grass Playing Surfaces: A Systematic Review.

Background: No study has provided a comprehensive systematic review of sports injuries on artificial turf versus natural grass.

Purpose: To comprehensively examine the risk of overall injuries and multiple types of lower extremity injuries across all sports, all levels of competition, and on both old-generation and new-generation artificial turf.

Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3.

Quadruple Versus Double Flexible Intramedullary Nails to Treat Pediatric Distal-third Tibial Shaft Fractures: A Biomechanical Comparison.

Background: The vast majority of pediatric distal-third tibial shaft fractures can be treated with closed reduction and casting. If conservative measures fail, then these fractures are usually treated with 2 antegrade flexible intramedullary nails. A postoperative cast is usually applied because of the tenuous fixation of the 2 nails.

The Cost-Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma Compared With Hyaluronic Acid Injections for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis.

Purpose: To examine the cost-effectiveness of a series (total of 3 injections) of intra-articular platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections in comparison to that of hyaluronic acid (HA) viscosupplementation for the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.

Methods: Outcome data regarding the use of PRP or HA injections for the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis were determined from the highest-quality data (Level I) available in the literature until 2015. Health utility values were then derived from these high-quality data.

Recurrent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears in the National Football League: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in American football players. The risk of subsequent ACL reinjury to either the ipsilateral or the contralateral knee in National Football League (NFL) draftees with a history of successful ACL reconstruction before entering the NFL remains unknown.

Hypothesis: NFL athletes with a history of successful ACL reconstruction before being drafted will likely demonstrate increased risk of subsequent ACL injury when compared with a control cohort consisting of players of similar positions and draft class.

Brentuximab Vedotin: A Nursing Perspective on Best Practices and Management of Associated Adverse Events.

Background: Brentuximab vedotin (BV) is an antibody-drug conjugate that targets CD30-expressing cells.

Objectives: This article assesses the occurrence and management of the most frequent and clinically relevant BV-associated adverse events (AEs), with a focus on Hodgkin lymphoma and systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma trials, and shares practical tips that may help decrease occurrence and severity.

Methods: Peer-reviewed literature was surveyed to collect safety data from sponsored clinical trials of BV and to compile associated management guidelines.

Effect of acute pesticide exposure on bee spatial working memory using an analogue of the radial-arm maze.

Pesticides, including neonicotinoids, typically target pest insects by being neurotoxic. Inadvertent exposure to foraging insect pollinators is usually sub-lethal, but may affect cognition. One cognitive trait, spatial working memory, may be important in avoiding previously-visited flowers and other spatial tasks such as navigation.

Dancing to her own beat: honey bee foragers communicate via individually calibrated waggle dances.

Communication signals often vary between individuals, even when one expects selection to favour accuracy and precision, such as the honey bee waggle dance, where foragers communicate to nestmates the direction and distance to a resource. Although many studies have examined intra-dance variation, or the variation within a dance, less is known about inter-dance variation, or the variation between dances. This is particularly true for distance communication.

The Cost-Effectiveness of Using Platelet-Rich Plasma During Rotator Cuff Repair: A Markov Model Analysis.

Purpose: To perform a cost-utility analysis to determine if the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) products during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) is cost-effective.

Methods: A cost-utility analysis was conducted using a Markov decision model. Model inputs including health utility values, retear rates, and transition probabilities were derived from the best evidence available in the literature regarding full-thickness rotator cuff tears and their repair, as well as the augmentation of their repair with PRP.

Analysis of an independent tumor suppressor locus telomeric to Tp53 suggested Inpp5k and Myo1c as novel tumor suppressor gene candidates in this region.

Background: Several reports indicate a commonly deleted chromosomal region independent from, and distal to the TP53 locus in a variety of human tumors. In a previous study, we reported a similar finding in a rat tumor model for endometrial carcinoma (EC) and through developing a deletion map, narrowed the candidate region to 700 kb, harboring 19 genes. In the present work real-time qPCR analysis, Western blot, semi-quantitative qPCR, sequencing, promoter methylation analysis, and epigenetic gene expression restoration analyses (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and/or trichostatin A treatments) were used to analyze the 19 genes located within the candidate region in a panel of experimental tumors compared to control samples.

Survey of insect visitation of ornamental flowers in Southover Grange garden, Lewes, UK.

Ornamental flowers commonly grown in urban gardens and parks can be of value to flower-visiting insects. However, there is huge variation in the number of insects attracted among plant varieties. In this study, we quantified the insect attractiveness of 79 varieties in full bloom being grown in a public urban garden that is popular due to its beautiful flowers and other attractions.

Reduced B lymphoid kinase (Blk) expression enhances proinflammatory cytokine production and induces nephrosis in C57BL/6-lpr/lpr mice.

BLK, which encodes B lymphoid kinase, was recently identified in genome wide association studies as a susceptibility gene for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and risk alleles mapping to the BLK locus result in reduced gene expression. To determine whether BLK is indeed a bona fide susceptibility gene, we developed an experimental mouse model, namely the Blk+/-.lpr/lpr (Blk+/-.

BAC CGH-array identified specific small-scale genomic imbalances in diploid DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors.

Background: Development of breast cancer is a multistage process influenced by hormonal and environmental factors as well as by genetic background. The search for genes underlying this malignancy has recently been highly productive, but the etiology behind this complex disease is still not understood. In studies using animal cancer models, heterogeneity of the genetic background and environmental factors is reduced and thus analysis and identification of genetic aberrations in tumors may become easier.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of autologous chondrocyte implantation: a comparison of periosteal patch versus type I/III collagen membrane.

Background: Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) involves the use of a periosteal patch (ACI-P) as a cover for transplanted chondrocytes. Theoretically, this periosteal patch provides mesenchymal stem cells and growth factors that encourage chondrocyte development/differentiation. However, there is a significant rate of graft hypertrophy with the use of periosteum compared with using a type I/III collagen patch (ACI-C).

Blk haploinsufficiency impairs the development, but enhances the functional responses, of MZ B cells.

Blk was identified two decades ago as a B-cell-specific member of the Src family of tyrosine kinases. Recent studies, however, have discovered that Blk is expressed in many cell types outside of the B lineage, including early thymic precursors, interleukin-17-producing γδ T cells and pancreatic β-cells. In light of these recent discoveries, we performed a more comprehensive analysis of Blk expression patterns in hematopoietic cells and found that Blk is differentially expressed in mature B-cell subsets, with marginal zone (MZ) B cells expressing high levels, B1 B cells expressing intermediate-to-high levels and follicular (FO) B cells expressing low levels of Blk.

Unraveling molecular signatures of immunostimulatory adjuvants in the female genital tract through systems biology.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) unequivocally represent a major public health concern in both industrialized and developing countries. Previous efforts to develop vaccines for systemic immunization against a large number of STIs in humans have been unsuccessful. There is currently a drive to develop mucosal vaccines and adjuvants for delivery through the genital tract to confer protective immunity against STIs.

Hematopoietic stem cells and retroviral infection.

Retroviral induced malignancies serve as ideal models to help us better understand the molecular mechanisms associated with the initiation and progression of leukemogenesis. Numerous retroviruses including AEV, FLV, M-MuLV and HTLV-1 have the ability to infect hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, resulting in the deregulation of normal hematopoiesis and the development of leukemia/lymphoma. Research over the last few decades has elucidated similarities between retroviral-induced leukemogenesis, initiated by deregulation of innate hematopoietic stem cell traits, and the cancer stem cell hypothesis.

Local cytokine and inflammatory responses to candidate vaginal adjuvants in mice.

The current study was undertaken to explore the correlation of adjuvanticity and local inflammatory response elicited in the murine vagina and the draining lymph nodes following local administration of two candidate vaginal adjuvants, Toll like receptor (TLR) 9 agonist CpG ODN, and a non-TLR targeting molecule alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer). Using real-time PCR array analysis, we could show that a group of 13 common cytokine genes are activated in the vagina within 24h after vaginal administration of these adjuvants, including Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl12, Ccl19, Ccl20, Ccl22, Cxcl1, Cxcl5, Il10 and the Th1-inducing molecules Ifng, Cxcl9, Cxcl10 and Cxcl11. A high degree of inflammation in and damage to the epithelium was exclusively observed in the vagina of the CpG ODN treated mice, which was reversed within 48h.

Fracture of a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty retentive liner.

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty may be indicated in shoulders that cannot be effectively managed by conventional reconstruction procedures. Reported complications include instability, infection, hematoma, scapular notching, and premature component loosening. To our knowledge, however, fracture of a humeral component polyethylene inlay has not been described.

Molecular classification of spontaneous endometrial adenocarcinomas in BDII rats.

Female rats of the BDII/Han inbred strain are prone to spontaneously develop endometrial carcinomas (EC) that in cell biology and pathogenesis are very similar to those of human. Human EC are classified into two major groups: Type I displays endometroid histology, is hormone-dependent, and characterized by frequent microsatellite instability and PTEN, K-RAS, and CTNNB1 (beta-Catenin) mutations; Type II shows non-endometrioid histology, is hormone-unrelated, displays recurrent TP53 mutation, CDKN2A (P16) inactivation, over-expression of ERBB2 (Her2/neu), and reduced CDH1 (Cadherin 1 or E-Cadherin) expression. However, many human EC have overlapping clinical, morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of types I and II.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells induces cell cycle arrest by modulation of p21(cip1/waf1) and survivin.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic retrovirus and the etiologic agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), an aggressive CD4(+) malignancy. HTLV-2 is highly homologous to HTLV-1; however, infection with HTLV-2 has not been associated with lymphoproliferative diseases. Although HTLV-1 infection of CD4(+) lymphocytes induces cellular replication and transformation, infection of CD34(+) human hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) strikingly results in G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest and suppression of in vitro clonogenic colony formation by induction of expression of the cdk inhibitor p21(cip1/waf1) (p21) and concurrent repression of survivin.

Absence of Ras mutations in rat DMBA-induced mammary tumors.

Animal cancer models reduce genetic background heterogeneity and thus, may facilitate identification and analysis of specific genetic aberrations in tumor cells. Rat and human mammary glands have high similarity in physiology and show comparable hormone responsiveness. Thus, spontaneous and carcinogen (e.

Recurrent chromosome 10 aberrations and Tp53 mutations in rat endometrial adenocarcinomas.

Human genetic heterogeneity and differences in the environment and life style make analysis of complex diseases such as cancer difficult. By using inbred animal strains, the genetic variability can be minimized and the environmental factors can be reasonably controlled. Endometrial adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy, ranking fourth in incidence among tumors in women.

Amplification studies of MET and Cdk6 in a rat endometrial tumor model and their correlation to human type I endometrial carcinoma tumors.

Cancer is known to be a genetic disease that is both polygenic and heterogeneous, in most cases involving changes in several genes in a stepwise fashion. The spectrum of individual genes involved in the initiation and progression of cancer is greatly influenced by genetic factors unique to each patient. A study of complex diseases such as cancer is complicated by the genetic heterogeneous background and environmental factors in the human population.