Coping strategies to stressful events in adolescents with migraine.

Objective: Several studies examined stress factors in both adult and pediatric patients with migraine, but few of them have analyzed coping strategies adopted to deal with stressful events in pediatric age. In particular, some of these studies have focused on specific migraine populations or have not employed standardized instruments. Our study used a standardized tool to investigate the coping strategies adopted by patients with primary migraine in dealing with stressful events.

Unsatisfactory response to acute medications does not affect the medication overuse headache development in pediatric chronic migraine.

Background: Chronic migraine (CM) negatively impacts the quality of life of 2 to 4% of pediatric patients. In adults, CM is frequently linked to medication overuse headache (MOH), but there is a much lower prevalence of MOH in children. A suboptimal response to acute therapies may lead to their reduced use, thus preventing MOH development in children and adolescents.

Cluster Headache: Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment in Pediatric Headache.

Despite its rarity, cluster headache can affect children. Patients with cluster headaches often experience symptoms in their adolescence, but the time it takes for a correct diagnosis can be very long. Cluster headache can be mistaken for other pathologies, which can result in patients being diagnosed and treated incorrectly.

Parental Experiences in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis: Insights from Quantitative Research.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and unpredictable inflammatory disease impacting the central nervous system. The disabling nature of this disease is not limited to only physical symptoms. MS, even at a pediatric age, often includes cognitive impairment, fatigue, and psychological issues, affecting education and social life, causing emotional distress, and reducing quality of life.

Childhood primary stabbing headache: A double center study.

Background: Primary stabbing headache (PSH) is an idiopathic headache disorder characterized by head pain occurring as a transient and localized single stab or a series of stabs. The present study aimed to examine the characteristics of childhood PSH and whether they fit the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3) criteria. We also investigated the association with migraine and episodic syndromes.

Neuropsychological performances, quality of life, and psychological issues in pediatric onset multiple sclerosis: a narrative review.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is primarily a disease diagnosed in young and middle-aged adults. Although MS is a rare condition in pediatric age, an increasing rate of patients is diagnosed under the age of 18. The disabling nature of the disease cannot be reduced only to physical symptoms.

Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis and Obesity: Defining the Silhouette of Disease Features in Overweight Patients.

Obesity has been suggested as an environmental risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) and may negatively effect the progression of the disease. The aim of this study is to determine any correlation between overweight/obesity and the clinical and neuroradiological features at the onset of pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (POMS). Were included patients referred to the POMS Unit of the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital between June 2012 and June 2021.

Real Life Data on OnabotulinumtoxinA for Treatment of Chronic Migraine in Pediatric Age.

Background: The use of OnabotulinumtoxinA (OBT-A) for the treatment of chronic migraine (CM) in adults represents a therapy with the greatest efficacy and safety data. However, we have little evidence on the use of OBT-A in children or adolescents. The present study aims to describe the experience with OBT-A in the treatment of CM in adolescents in an Italian third-level headache center.

Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Migraine in Adolescents. A Retrospective Analysis of the Population Attending the Headache Center in Different Phases of the Pandemic.

Background: Literature data report that the first COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the progression of migraine both in adults and children. The present study aimed to verify how the migraine course and psychological aspects varied in adolescent patients in relation to some of the different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic and compared with the months before COVID-19. In addition, the relationship between the characteristics of headache episodes and psychological and school-related aspects were analyzed.

Safety of SARS-CoV2 vaccination and COVID-19 short-term outcome in pediatric acquired demyelinating disorders of central nervous system: A single center experience.

Introduction: Concern of a correlation between disease relapse in patients with acquired demyelinating disorders of central nervous system (CNS) and SARS-CoV2 vaccines has been raised. In this single center study, we retrospectively evaluated safety of SARS-CoV2 vaccination and COVID-19 short-term outcome in pediatric acquired demyelinating disorders of CNS.

Materials And Methods: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease (MOGAD) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) with disease onset before 18 years of age were included.

Psychological characteristics of juvenile fibromyalgia syndrome.

Background: The aim of the study was to compare psychological characteristics of adolescent patients with juvenile fibromyalgia syndrome (JFM) with individuals suffering from chronic pain (CP) due to headache or joint pain in the lower limbs unrelated to oncological, inflammatory or autoimmune diseases.

Methods: The study was conducted on 37 patients aged 13-18 years old, monitored at the Pain Therapy Outpatient Clinic of the "Bambino Gesù" Pediatric Hospital in Rome. A total of 21 patients were suffering from CP (headache and recurrent arthralgia) and 16 from JFM, diagnosed according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology.

Interictal Cognitive Performance in Children and Adolescents With Primary Headache: A Narrative Review.

Primary headache is a very common and disabling disease. The burden of pain and recurrent attacks may lead to a poor quality of life, anxiety and depression. An increased risk of low functioning and curricular performances in young patients with primary headache has been described.

From the New Diagnostic Criteria to COVID-19 Pandemic Passing Through the Placebo Effect. What Have We Learned in the Management of Pediatric Migrane Over the Past 5 Years?

In 2018, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) therapies for the treatment of migraine represented a milestone for the management of the disease in adults. On the contrary, the novelties in the field of pediatric migraine are inserted in a different scenario and still concern: (1) diagnostic criteria of the international classification of headache disorders-3 (ICHD-3) that show numerous limits of applicability in the developmental age; (2) the release of the results of the Childhood and Adolescent Migraine Prevention (CHAMP) study that raised doubts about the usefulness of traditional drugs for the treatment of pediatric migraine; (3) the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put the spotlight on the importance of managing the psychological factors associated with the disease. In this mini review we discuss the most relevant news in pediatric migraine over the last 5 years.

Cognitive Difficulties, Psychological Symptoms, and Long Lasting Somatic Complaints in Adolescents with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Telehealth Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.

Background: Few studies have evaluated cognitive functioning and mental health in children and adolescents who contracted the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We investigated the prevalence and association of neuropsychological difficulties, psychological symptoms, and self-reported long-COVID complaints in a sample of adolescents.

Methods: Thirty-one adolescents infected by COVID-19 within 3-6 months prior to the assessment were included.

The Enigma of New Daily Persistent Headache: What Solutions for Pediatric Age?

Purpose Of Review: To analyze systematically the evidence currently available from the literature regarding the diagnosis, clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of new daily persistent headache (NDPH).

Recent Findings: NDPH is a primary headache characterized by an abrupt onset with continuous daily pain that can persist for many months. Although self-limiting forms have been described, NDPH is frequently associated with high disability even in children and adolescents.

Pediatric Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: Case Series and Literature Review.

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is a central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating disease characterized by recurrent inflammatory events that primarily involve optic nerves and the spinal cord, but also affect other regions of the CNS, including hypothalamus, area postrema and periaqueductal gray matter. The aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-IgG) is specific for NMOSD. Recently, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-IgG) have been found in a group of AQP4-IgG negative patients.

Migraine and Its Equivalents: What Do They Share? A Narrative Review on Common Pathophysiological Patterns.

Migraine is the first in order of frequency of the neurological disorders, affecting both adult and paediatric populations. It is also the first cause of primary headaches in children. Migraine equivalents are periodic disorders that can be associated with migraine or considered as prognostic features of a future migraine manifestation.

Neuropsychological Sequelae, Quality of Life and Adaptive Behavior in Children and Adolescents with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis: A Narrative Review.

Anti--methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a rare autoimmune illness characterized by a constellation of often severe, but treatable, psychiatric and neurological symptoms. Whereas symptoms such as psychosis and bizarre and abnormal motor behavior are common in adults, pediatric patients typically present with behavioral changes, irritability and sleep dysfunction. The recovery phase is usually slow and may be associated with longstanding adaptive, behavioral and neuropsychological problems.

Case Report: Migralepsy: The Two-Faced Janus of Neurology.

We report three cases of pediatric patients suffering from migraine aura triggered seizures. This entity, also called migralepsy, still does not have a unique definition today. Migraine and epilepsy are both episodic neurological disorders with periods of interictal well-being; this is indicative of similar pathophysiological mechanisms, such as increased neuronal excitation and ion channel dysfunction.

Truths and Myths in Pediatric Migraine and Nutrition.

The link between migraine and nutrition can be explored from several points of view. Lifestyle and, in particular, aspects of nutrition can have a significant impact on the course of pediatric migraine. In addition, some dietary treatments, such as the ketogenic diet, and some active ingredients present in foods (nutraceuticals) may have a therapeutic effect on migraine.

Sleep Disorders in Pediatric Migraine: A Questionnaire-Based Study.

There is a high comorbidity between migraine and sleep disorders (SD), with a mutual dependence between sleep and headache. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between headache features (migraine frequency and severity, migraine equivalents, use and efficacy of treatments) and sleep in pediatric migraine. Parents of children and adolescents with migraine completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESS-CHAD) and answered questions about headache characteristics.

Features and Management of New Daily Persistent Headache in Developmental-Age Patients.

Introduction: Our aim was to investigate the clinical features of primary new daily persistent headache (NDPH) in a cohort of paediatric patients.

Methods: We reviewed the data of patients with persistent daily headache, attending the Headache Centre of Bambino Gesù Children from the January 2009. The ICHD-III criteria were used for diagnosis.

Anxiety, Depression, and Body Weight in Children and Adolescents With Migraine.

There is a lack of studies that explore the possible association between body weight, psychological symptoms, and migraine severity in pediatric populations. The purpose of the study was to explore: (1) the association between body weight and the frequency of migraine attacks, (2) the possible differences in anxiety and depression symptoms according to the frequency of attacks and body weight, and (3) the possible mediating role of anxiety and/or depression in the association between body weight and frequency of migraine attacks in children. One hundred and eleven children/adolescents with migraine were included (47 boys and 64 girls; mean age 11.

I stay at home with headache. A survey to investigate how the lockdown for COVID-19 impacted on headache in Italian children.

Objective: The present Italian multicenter study aimed at investigating whether the course of primary headache disorders in children and adolescents was changed during the lockdown necessary to contain the COVID-19 emergency in Italy.

Methods: During the lockdown, we submitted an online questionnaire to patients already diagnosed with primary headache disorders. Questions explored the course of headache, daily habits, psychological factors related to COVID-19, general mood and school stress.

Medication Overuse Withdrawal in Children and Adolescents Does Not Always Improve Headache: A Cross-Sectional Study.

MOH can be diagnosed in subjects with headache occurring 15 days/month in association with a regular medication overuse, but its existence is not universally accepted. ICHD-3 redefined criteria for MOH, removing the criterion associating drug suspension with headache course. The aim of our study was to compare the rate of patients diagnosed with medication overuse headache (MOH) according to ICHD-2 and ICHD-3 criteria, to verify the degree of concordance.