Impact of human immunodeficiency virus status on laryngeal cancer survival and locoregional control.

Objectives: To compare long-term outcomes of laryngeal cancer (LC) in people living with HIV (PLWH) versus uninfected individuals and determine how clinical and viral factors-such as demographics, cancer stage, HIV viral load, and CD4 nadir-contribute to these outcomes.

Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study of 749 patients seen for LC at a single tertiary care center between 2003 and 2017. Of these, 22 had HIV at the time of LC diagnosis, and they were matched in a 1:4 ratio to uninfected controls based on sex, presence of smoking history, and age at cancer diagnosis.

Laryngeal disorders in people living with HIV.

Objectives: Several studies have shown that HIV infected individuals are at higher risk compared to the general population of developing non-AIDS defining conditions such as some types of cancer, kidney disease, liver disease and others. In this case-control study, we compared the incidence of laryngeal disorders between a treatment-seeking HIV-positive population and uninfected controls. We aimed to investigate whether there are any laryngeal disorders that are overrepresented in HIV-positive individuals.

Dysphonia and dysphagia as early manifestations of autoimmune inflammatory myopathy.

Purpose: While dysphagia is a recognized manifestation of autoimmune inflammatory myopathy, a relationship between myositis and dysphonia or laryngeal pathology is not well-documented. We therefore sought to describe the spectrum of laryngeal disorders present in myositis patients, evaluate whether any specific conditions are overrepresented among these patients compared to a large treatment-seeking population, and examine the clinical course and outcomes of these symptoms.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective chart review, including all patients seen at the Johns Hopkins Voice Center between January 2016 and December 2017.

Long-Term Functional Outcomes of Glaucoma Tube Shunt Revision Surgery.

Purpose: To characterize long-term outcomes of tube shunt revision surgeries and identify factors associated with their failure.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Participants: One eye from each of 179 patients who underwent tube shunt revision surgery at the Wilmer Eye Institute between 2004 and 2015 with a minimum follow-up of 6 weeks.

Long-term Functional Outcomes of Trabeculectomy Revision Surgery.

Purpose: To describe the long-term results of revision surgery for complications from trabeculectomy in a case series from an academic glaucoma service.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Participants: A total of 310 eyes (310 individuals) who underwent revision of trabeculectomy at the Wilmer Eye Institute between 2007-2015.

Activation of Wnt signaling reduces ipsilaterally projecting retinal ganglion cells in pigmented retina.

In mammalian albinism, disrupted melanogenesis in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is associated with fewer retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) projecting ipsilaterally to the brain, resulting in numerous abnormalities in the retina and visual pathway, especially binocular vision. To further understand the molecular link between disrupted RPE and a reduced ipsilateral RGC projection in albinism, we compared gene expression in the embryonic albino and pigmented mouse RPE. We found that the Wnt pathway, which directs peripheral retinal differentiation and, generally, cell proliferation, is dysregulated in the albino RPE.

Retinal pigment epithelial integrity is compromised in the developing albino mouse retina.

In the developing murine eye, melanin synthesis in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) coincides with neurogenesis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Disruption of pigmentation in the albino RPE is associated with delayed neurogenesis in the ventrotemporal retina, the source of ipsilateral RGCs, and a reduced ipsilateral RGC projection. To begin to unravel how melanogenesis and the RPE regulate RGC neurogenesis and cell subpopulation specification, we compared the features of albino and pigmented mouse RPE cells during the period of RGC neurogenesis (embryonic day, E, 12.