Cochlear Implantation and Facial Nerve Synkinesis in an Infant with Hypoplastic Internal Auditory Canals - A Case Report.

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a common finding in cases of the congenital internal acoustic canal (IAC) stenosis. Previous reports reveal a relationship between IAC stenosis and facial palsy as well as vestibular dysfunction. This case identifies a patient with bilateral profound SNHL, bilateral IAC stenosis, and temporary unilateral facial palsy who went on to receive bilateral cochlear implants (CI).

Injection laryngoplasty in neonates and young children with unilateral vocal fold immobility.

Introduction: Although injection laryngoplasty (IL) is a well-accepted treatment strategy in older children and adults with unilateral vocal fold immobility (UVFI), its efficacy and safety have not been well studied in neonates and young children.

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic effects of IL on aspiration & dysphagia in neonates and young children with UVFI.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of infants and children who underwent IL at a tertiary children's hospital.

Gene expression in the oropharynx of children exposed to secondhand smoke.

Objectives/hypothesis: To compare gene expression in oropharyngeal mucosa of children with (ex+) and without (ex-) secondhand smoke exposure.

Study Design: Prospective case-control.

Methods: Forty-one age- and gender-matched children (2-6 years old) undergoing tonsillectomy for sleep disordered breathing at a tertiary care children's hospital were assessed for secondhand smoke exposure.

Case report: Treatment failure using propanolol for treatment of focal subglottic hemangioma.

Subglottic hemangioma is a rare, potentially life threatening tumor of infancy which poses serious treatment challenges. A number of medical and surgical therapies over the years have met with variable success, and are associated with numerous potential morbidities. A potential windfall in the management of infantile hemangiomas has arisen with the recent identification of propanolol as a highly efficacious and relatively safe new treatment modality.

Laryngotracheobronchitis complicated by spontaneous pneumomediastinum.

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is an unusual clinical entity that most frequently follows episodes of increased intrathoracic pressures. While typically a benign condition, potentially fatal complications of SPM must be considered and ruled out with each case. We aim to present the first case of croup-associated SPM in the otolaryngology literature and to discuss clinical, diagnostic and management principles.

Tonsillectomy techniques and pain: a review of randomized controlled trials and call for standardization.

Objectives: To review the literature comparing operative techniques in tonsillectomy and postoperative pain.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials comparing operative techniques and pain outcomes over a 10-year period were reviewed.

Results: 44 trials met inclusion criteria for analysis.

Persistently elevated parathyroid hormone levels after parathyroid surgery.

Background: Persistent elevation of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), despite normocalcemia, occurs in 8% to 40% of patients after parathyroidectomy. Explanations have included hypocalcemia owing to vitamin D deficiency or bone remineralization, and persistent hyperparathyroidism.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 816 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism was conducted.