Complementation Dependent Enzyme Prodrug Therapy Enables Targeted Activation of Prodrug on HER2-Positive Cancer Cells.

Antibodies have been explored for decades for the delivery of small molecule cytotoxins directly to diseased cells. In antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT), antibodies are armed with enzymes that activate nontoxic prodrugs at tumor sites. However, this strategy failed clinically due to off-target toxicity associated with the enzyme prematurely activating prodrug systemically.

Engineered U1 snRNAs to modulate alternatively spliced exons.

Alternative splicing accounts for a considerable portion of transcriptomic diversity, as most protein-coding genes are spliced into multiple mRNA isoforms. However, errors in splicing patterns can give rise to mis-splicing with pathological consequences, such as the congenital diseases familial dysautonomia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and spinal muscular atrophy. Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) components of the U snRNP family have been proposed as a therapeutic modality for the treatment of mis-splicing.

Locomotor rib kinematics in two species of lizards and a new hypothesis for the evolution of aspiration breathing in amniotes.

Most lizards walk and run with a sprawling gait in which the limbs are partly advanced by lateral undulation of the axial skeleton. Ribs and vertebrae are integral to this locomotor mode, but 3D motion of the axial skeleton has not been reported for lizard locomotion. Here, we use XROMM to quantify the relative motions of the vertebrae and ribs during slow treadmill locomotion in three savannah monitor lizards (Varanus exanthematicus) and three Argentine black and white tegus (Salvator merianae).

Split-enzyme fragment as a single affinity tag that enables protein expression, purification, and functional assays.

Expressing, isolating, and characterizing recombinant proteins is crucial to many disciplines within the biological sciences. Different molecular tagging technologies have been developed to enable each individual step of protein production, from expression through purification and characterization. Monitoring the entire production process requires multiple tags or molecular interactions, because no individual tag has provided the comprehensive breadth of utility.