Publications by authors named "Samuel Overley"

Background Context: Published rates for disc reherniation following primary discectomy are around 6%, but the ultimate reoperation outcomes in patients after receiving revision discectomy are not well understood. Additionally, any disparity in the outcomes of subsequent revision discectomy (SRD) versus subsequent lumbar fusion (SLF) following primary/revision discectomy remains poorly studied.

Purpose: To determine the 8-year SRD/SLF rates and time until SRD/SLF after primary/revision discectomy respectively.

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Background Context: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is one of the most common orthopaedic conditions and affects more than half a million people over the age of 65 in the US. Patients with LSS have gait dysfunction and movement deficits due to pain and symptoms caused by compression of the nerve roots within a narrowed spinal canal.

Purpose: The purpose of the current systematic review was to summarize existing literature reporting biomechanical changes in gait function that occur with LSS, and identify knowledge gaps that merit future investigation in this important patient population.

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Study Design: Systematic review.

Objectives: The purpose of the current study is to determine the overall incidence of Heterotopic Ossification (HO) following cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) as well as per annum rates.

Summary Of Background Data: CDA is a well-established surgical modality for treatment of one- and two-level degenerative disc disease that has failed conservative treatment.

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Background: There is a paucity of literature examining the development and subsequent validation of risk-adjustment models that inform the trade-off between adequate risk-adjustment and data collection burden. We aimed to evaluate patient risk stratification by surgeons with the development and validation of risk-adjustment models for elective, single-level, posterior lumbar spinal fusions (PLSFs).

Methods: Patients undergoing PLSF from 2011-2014 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP).

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Background: Several fusion adjuncts exist to enhance fusion rates during minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF). The objective of this study was to compare fusion rates in patients undergoing MI-TLIF with either rhBMP-2 or cellularized bone matrix (CBM).

Methods: We conducted a single surgeon retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent MI-TLIF with either rhBMP-2 or CBM placed in an interbody cage.

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Background: Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF) has comparable fusion rates and outcomes to the open approach, though many surgeons avoid the technique due to an initial learning curve. No current studies have examined the learning curve of MI-TLIF with respect to fluoroscopy time and exposure. Our objective with this retrospective review was to therefore use a repeatable mathematical model to evaluate the learning curve of MI-TLIF with a focus on fluoroscopy time and exposure.

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Study Design: Meta-analysis.

Objective: Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is a complication of surgical management for adult spinal deformity with a multifactorial etiology. Many risk factors are controversial and their relative importance are not fully understood.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The article reviews recent literature on postoperative spinal infections, focusing on their diagnosis and management in the past decade.
  • - The gold standard for diagnosing these infections is a positive deep wound culture, with additional tests like imaging and blood tests helping in assessment and monitoring.
  • - Effective management includes surgical debridement and appropriate antibiotic treatment, as early diagnosis is crucial to avoid serious health complications for patients.
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The cervical spine functions to position the head while maintaining stability and protecting the spinal cord. The anatomy of the cervical spine dictates the amount of physiologic motion at each level. Knowledge of the normal biomechanical anatomy of the cervical spine is imperative to the understanding of the biomechanics of injury to the cervical spine.

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Study Design: Meta-analysis.

Objectives: To assess return to play (RTP) rates in adolescent athletes with lumbar spondylolysis without spondylolisthesis treated conservatively or operatively.

Methods: A review of Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Reviews was performed.

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Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Elucidate negative sagittal balance following adult spinal deformity surgery.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of adult spinal deformity patients who underwent long fusion (>5 levels) to the sacrum by a single surgeon at a single institution between 2011 and 2015.

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Cervical laminoplasty was initially described for the management of cervical myelopathy resulting from multilevel stenosis secondary to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. The general concepts are preservation of the dorsal elements, preservation of segmental motion, and expansion of the spinal canal via laminar manipulation. No clear evidence suggests that laminoplasty is superior to either posterior laminectomy or anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion.

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Study Design: Prospective randomized control trial.

Objective: To investigate the role of cervical collars in postoperative care following 1- and 2-level instrumented anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Methods: The Cervical Spine Research Society Resident Fellow Grant funded this project.

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Study Design: Cost-effectiveness analysis.

Objectives: To determine the 7-year cost-effectiveness of cervical disc replacement (CDR) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Methods: We analyzed 7-year Short Form-36 Health Survey data collected from the Prestige Cervical Disc investigational device exemption study (IDE).

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Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To determine the incidence of index level fusion following open or minimally invasive lumbar microdiscectomy.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 174 patients with a symptomatic single-level lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus who underwent microdiscectomy via a mini-open approach (MIS; 39) or through a minimally invasive dilator tube (135).

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Study Design: Health utility analysis.

Objectives: To determine the health state utility (HSU) of 1- and 2-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and cervical disc replacement (CDR).

Methods: Data from the Medtronic Prestige Cervical Disc investigational device exemption studies was used.

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Background Context: Lumbar fusion is an effective and durable treatment for symptomatic lumbar spondylolisthesis; however, the current literature provides insufficient evidence to recommend an optimal surgical fusion strategy.

Purpose: The present study aims to compare the clinical outcomes, fusion rates, blood loss, and operative times between open posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF) alone and open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) + posterolateral fusion for spondylolisthesis.

Study Design: This is a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of English language studies for the treatment of spondylolisthesis with PLF versus PLF + TLIF.

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Introduction: Sciatic nerve injury (SNI) is a potentially devastating complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Intraoperative neural monitoring has been found in several studies to be useful in preventing SNI, but can be difficult to implement. In this study, we examine the results of using a handheld nerve stimulator for intraoperative sciatic nerve (SN) monitoring during complex THA requiring limb lengthening and/or significant manipulation of the SN.

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Study Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.

Objective: There is a paucity of data on the effect of operative duration on postoperative complications during adult spinal deformity surgery (ASDS). The study attempts to explore and quantify the association between increased operation times and postoperative complications.

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Study Design: Systematic literature review and meta-analysis of studies published in English language.

Objective: Return to play after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in contact athletes remains a controversial topic with no consensus opinion in the literature. Additional information is needed to properly advise and treat this population of patients.

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Background: Tandem spinal stenosis refers to spinal canal diameter narrowing in at least 2 distinct regions of the spine, most commonly the lumbar and cervical regions. This entity can be an asymptomatic radiographic finding, or it can present with severe myelopathy and lower-extremity symptoms. Tandem spinal stenosis may impact surgeon decision-making when planning either cervical or lumbar spine surgery, and there is currently no consensus in the literature regarding the treatment algorithm for operative intervention.

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Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To compare perioperative characteristics of stand-alone cages and anterior cervical plates used for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Methods: We reviewed 40 adult patients who received a stand-alone cage for elective ACDF and matched them with 40 patients who received an anterior cervical plate.

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Background Context: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and cervical disc replacement (CDR) are both acceptable surgical options for the treatment of cervical myelopathy and radiculopathy. To date, there are limited economic analyses assessing the relative cost-effectiveness of two-level ACDF versus CDR.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the 5-year cost-effectiveness of two-level ACDF versus CDR.

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Study Design: In vitro human cadaveric surgical technique study.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of percutaneous pedicle screw placement in a human cadaveric model using standard fluoroscopic guidance technique, compared across varying levels of experience.

Summary Of Background Data: The current literature varies widely in the reported frequency of facet violation during placement of percutaneous pedicle screws.

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Background Context: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has been widely adopted as a fusion adjunct in spine surgery since its approval in 2002. A number of concerns regarding adverse effects and potentially devastating complications of rhBMP-2 use led to a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory issued in 2008 cautioning its use, and a separate warning about its potential complications was published by The Spine Journal in 2011.

Purpose: To compare trends of rhBMP-2 use in spine surgery after the FDA advisory in 2008 and The Spine Journal warning in 2011.

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