Case of Human Orthohantavirus Infection, Michigan, USA, 2021.

Orthohantaviruses cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome; most cases occur in the southwest region of the United States. We discuss a clinical case of orthohantavirus infection in a 65-year-old woman in Michigan and the phylogeographic link of partial viral fragments from the patient and rodents captured near the presumed site of infection.

Choclo virus (CHOV) recovered from deep metatranscriptomics of archived frozen tissues in natural history biorepositories.

Background: Hantaviruses are negative-stranded RNA viruses that can sometimes cause severe disease in humans; however, they are maintained in mammalian host populations without causing harm. In Panama, sigmodontine rodents serve as hosts to transmissible hantaviruses. Due to natural and anthropogenic forces, these rodent populations are having increased contact with humans.

Use of a Novel Detection Tool to Survey Orthohantaviruses in Wild-Caught Rodent Populations.

Orthohantaviruses are negative-stranded RNA viruses with trisegmented genomes that can cause severe disease in humans and are carried by several host reservoirs throughout the world. Old World orthohantaviruses are primarily located throughout Europe and Asia, causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, and New World orthohantaviruses are found in North, Central, and South America, causing hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). In the United States, Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV) is the primary cause of HCPS with a fatality rate of ~36%.

Tracing Transmission of Sin Nombre Virus and Discovery of Infection in Multiple Rodent Species.

Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV), a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that is carried and transmitted by the North American deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus, can cause infection in humans through inhalation of aerosolized excreta from infected rodents. This infection can lead to hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), which has an ∼36% case-fatality rate. We used reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to confirm SNV infection in a patient and identified SNV in lung tissues in wild-caught rodents from potential sites of exposure.

Non-autophagy Role of Atg5 and NBR1 in Unconventional Secretion of IL-12 Prevents Gut Dysbiosis and Inflammation.

Intestinal myeloid cells play a critical role in balancing intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Here, we report that expression of the autophagy-related 5 [Atg5] protein in myeloid cells prevents dysbiosis and excessive intestinal inflammation by limiting IL-12 production. Mice with a selective genetic deletion of Atg5 in myeloid cells [Atg5ΔMye] showed signs of dysbiosis preceding colitis, and exhibited severe intestinal inflammation upon colitis induction that was characterised by increased IFNγ production.

Polystyrene microplastics induce an immunometabolic active state in macrophages.

Anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory responses in macrophages are influenced by cellular metabolism. Macrophages are the primary phagocyte in mucosal environments (i.e.

CpG-creating mutations are costly in many human viruses.

Mutations can occur throughout the virus genome and may be beneficial, neutral or deleterious. We are interested in mutations that yield a C next to a G, producing CpG sites. CpG sites are rare in eukaryotic and viral genomes.