Case series: Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced transverse myelitis.

Introduction: Increasing implementation of the highly efficacious immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has raised awareness of their various complications in the form of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Transverse myelitis following ICIs is thought to be a rare but serious neurologic irAE and knowledge is limited about this distinct clinical entity.

Cases: We describe four patients across three tertiary centers in Australia with ICI-induced transverse myelitis.

Slit-Robo signalling establishes a Sphingosine-1-phosphate gradient to polarise fin mesenchyme.

Immigration of mesenchymal cells into the growing fin and limb buds drives distal outgrowth, with subsequent tensile forces between these cells essential for fin and limb morphogenesis. Morphogens derived from the apical domain of the fin, orientate limb mesenchyme cell polarity, migration, division and adhesion. The zebrafish mutant stomp displays defects in fin morphogenesis including blister formation and associated loss of orientation and adhesion of immigrating fin mesenchyme cells.

Label-free quantitative measurement of cardiovascular dynamics in a zebrafish embryo using frequency-comb-referenced-quantitative phase imaging.

Significance: Real-time monitoring of the heart rate and blood flow is crucial for studying cardiovascular dysfunction, which leads to cardiovascular diseases.

Aim: This study aims at in-depth understanding of high-speed cardiovascular dynamics in a zebrafish embryo model for various biomedical applications via frequency-comb-referenced quantitative phase imaging (FCR-QPI).

Approach: Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has emerged as a powerful technique in the field of biomedicine but has not been actively applied to the monitoring of circulatory/cardiovascular parameters, due to dynamic speckles and low frame rates.

Lateral versus cross pinning in paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials.

Background: Supracondylar humerus fractures are common in children. Percutaneous pinning remains the mainstay in treatment; however, there is lack of consensus on the optimal configuration: lateral-only pinning or cross pinning. This study aims to investigate the differences in clinical and surgical outcomes between lateral-only and cross-pinning paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures.

The comparative impact of video consultation on emergency neurosurgical referrals.

Objective: Neurosurgical resources are concentrated in tertiary referral centers, whereas emergencies identified from district general hospitals are traditionally referred by telephone consultation (TC). Recent advances in communication technology offer the alternative options of teleradiology (TR) and video consultation (VC). This study aimed to determine the differences among these three consultation methods on the basis of their process-of-care indicators, clinical outcomes, and cost-effectiveness.

Laparoscopic resection of rectosigmoid carcinoma: prospective randomised trial.

Background: Although laparoscopic resection of colorectal carcinoma improves post-operative recovery, long-term survival and disease control are the determining factors for its application. We aimed to test the null hypothesis that there was no difference in survival after laparoscopic and open resection for rectosigmoid cancer.

Methods: From Sept 21, 1993, to Oct 21, 2002, 403 patients with rectosigmoid carcinoma were randomised to receive either laparoscopic assisted (n=203) or conventional open (n=200) resection of the tumour.

Sentinel lymph node dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Background: Occult lymph node (LN) metastasis is common in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has been proven to be successful and accurate to predict the nodal status in melanoma and breast cancer. We investigate the use of SLN in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Introduction of night shift call system for surgical trainees: a prospective self-controlled trial.

Objective: The number of hours worked by specialty trainees has come under scrutiny recently. One approach aimed at decreasing the number of consecutive hours worked is the night shift call system (NSCS). This study aimed to determine the advantages and disadvantages of an NSCS compared with those of the conventional overnight call system (ONCS).

Screening for colorectal cancer in Chinese: comparison of fecal occult blood test, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy.

Background And Aims: Fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS), and colonoscopy are the most commonly recommended screening tests for colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy and safety of these 3 screening procedures in a general population of ethnic Chinese.

Methods: Asymptomatic adults older than 50 years were recruited from the general public through health exhibitions.

Acupuncture anaesthesia in inguinal hernia repair.

Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture anaesthesia in inguinal hernia repair.

Methods: Twelve patients with non-recurrent inguinal hernia had Lichtenstein mesh repair under acupuncture anaesthesia. Selected acupuncture loci were stimulated with fine needles connected to low frequency current.

On-table cecoscopy : a novel diagnostic method in acute diverticulitis of the right colon.

Purpose: Controversies abound regarding the optimal surgical management in noncomplicated diverticulitis of the right colon, ranging from a conservative approach to diverticulectomy to right hemicolectomy. One of the arguments for resection is to exclude carcinoma. However, there is significant morbidity associated with resection.