Causes of mortality and morbidity in the endangered southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus obesulus).

Unlabelled: The southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus obesulus) is a small, endangered, Australian, ground-dwelling marsupial. Apart from isolated necropsy reports, there has not been a systematic investigation into the health and causes of death for this species.

Objective: To investigate and document the causes of death and the parasites of free-ranging populations of southern brown bandicoots in southern, central Victoria, Australia.

Generative Artificial Intelligence Use in Healthcare: Opportunities for Clinical Excellence and Administrative Efficiency.

Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI) has transformative potential in healthcare to enhance patient care, personalize treatment options, train healthcare professionals, and advance medical research. This paper examines various clinical and non-clinical applications of Gen AI. In clinical settings, Gen AI supports the creation of customized treatment plans, generation of synthetic data, analysis of medical images, nursing workflow management, risk prediction, pandemic preparedness, and population health management.

Pyrexia of Foreign Origin: Exploring the Impact of Travel History.

Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in endemic regions of Africa, with being the most virulent species. This case report details the presentation of a 24-year-old Caucasian woman who collapsed at a train station in the United Kingdom after experiencing a week of fever, malaise, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms. At emergency care, she was initially resuscitated with intravenous fluids and antipyretics.

CYP1B1-AS1 regulates CYP1B1 to promote pathogenesis by inhibiting ROS and host cell death.

(Cb), the causative agent of Q fever, replicates within host macrophages by modulating immune responses through poorly understood mechanisms. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as critical regulators of inflammation, yet their role in Cb pathogenesis remains largely unexplored. Here, we employed a global transcriptomic approach to identify lncRNAs specific to Cb infection in THP-1 derived macrophages, compared to 15 other microbial infections.

Predictive value of clinico-radiological variables in the management of suspected foreign body aspiration in children: A ten-year retrospective cohort study.

Background: Definite history is not always present in children with foreign body aspiration (FBA), hence necessitating a high index of suspicion.

Objective: To assess the predictive value of clinico-radiological variables among children presenting with features of suspected FBA and to document their course in a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we included children aged below 15 years presenting with clinical features of suspected FBA.

Indigenous-led struggles for health justice in the context of the climate emergency: insights from Guatemala.

This practice paper reflects on an ongoing Participatory Action Research project that combines community-engaged methods, national data analysis and advocacy to support community-based emergency response to extreme weather events in 16 Indigenous communities in Alta Verapaz province, Guatemala. Our work points to a worrying predicament experienced in climate-affected areas, where some populations face a dangerous confluence of climate vulnerability, social exclusion and state abandonment that imperils human health. Indigenous communities in Alta Verapaz are often particularly vulnerable to health impacts from climate-driven extreme weather events, a reality compounded by the historical and contemporary ways the state marginalises them.

Role of Necrosectomy in Necrotizing Pancreatitis: A Narrative Review.

Necrotizing pancreatitis (NP) is a severe complication of acute pancreatitis, characterized by necrosis of pancreatic and peripancreatic tissues, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The role of necrosectomy, the surgical removal of necrotic tissue, in the management of NP has evolved over the past few decades, moving from early aggressive surgical intervention to a more conservative and stepwise approach. This narrative review explores the historical perspectives, current practices, and future trends in the role of necrosectomy in NP.

A Comparative Review of Meshed Versus Unmeshed Grafts in Split-Thickness Skin Grafting: Clinical Implications and Outcomes.

Split-thickness skin grafting (STSG) is a cornerstone technique in reconstructive surgery, offering solutions for covering wounds, burns, and other skin defects. This review compares meshed versus unmeshed STSG, focusing on their clinical implications and outcomes. Meshed grafts, created by perforating the skin graft to form a mesh-like pattern, are frequently used for larger or irregularly shaped areas due to their ability to expand and conform to the underlying tissue.

μREACT: A microfluidic system for rapid evaluation of trans-kingdom interactions.

Trans-kingdom interactions between cells play pivotal roles in shaping intricate ecological and biological networks. However, our grasp of these interactions remains incomplete. Specifically, the vast phylogenetic spectrum of microorganisms capable of interacting with a given host cell type remains obscure, primarily due to the absence of efficient, high-throughput, single-cell resolution systems that can rapidly decipher these interactions.

Tailoring surface morphology on anatase TiO supported Au nanoclusters: implications for O activation.

Strong interaction between the support surface and metal clusters activates the adsorbed molecules at the metal cluster-support interface. Using plane-wave DFT calculations, we precisely model the interface between anatase TiO and small Au nanoclusters. Our study focusses on the adsorption and activation of oxygen molecules on anatase TiO, considering the influence of oxygen vacancies and steps on the surface.

Immobile to Ambulation: Complex Multijoint Pathologies in a Patient with Advanced HIV Disease: A Case Report.

Case: A 30-year-old man with a history of advanced HIV disease (AHD) presented with bilateral equinocavus, leg, and foot muscle paresis, Brooker grade 4 heterotopic ossification of hips and knee stiffness, and was unable to sit upright, stand independently, or walk. Electromyography showed demyelinating sensorimotor and axonal polyneuropathy of lower extremities. Multiple surgeries of bilateral hips, ankles, and feet enabled joint mobility, plantigrade feet, and independent ambulation.

Effect of CMV Mismatch on Heart Transplant Outcomes Using a Surveillance and Preemptive Strategy.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine outcomes after heart transplantation for cytomegalovirus (CMV) mismatched patients (D/R) who underwent a surveillance and preemptive therapy protocol, compared to nonmismatch patients.

Methods: A review of patient records from January 2010 to December 2020 with follow-up to October 2023 was done. The protocol consisted weekly surveillance with CMV PCR starting 4 weeks after transplant continuing up until the patient seroconverts or up to 3 months posttransplant if the patient does not seroconvert.

Molecular Mechanisms of Formalin Fixed Cellular Vaccine Reactogenicity.

Local and systemic reactogenic responses to Q-VAX® have prevented licensing of this vaccine outside of Australia. These reactogenic responses occur in previously sensitize individuals and have not been well defined at the cellular level, in part because many studies have been done in guinea pigs that have limited molecular tools. We previously characterized a mouse model of reactogenicity where local reactions sites showed an influx of CD8+ and IFNγ-expressing IL17a+ CD4+ T cells consistent with a Th1 delayed-type hypersensitivity.

Radicality and safety of total mesopancreatic excision in pancreatoduodenectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Pancreatic head cancer patients who undergo pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) often experience disease recurrence, frequently associated with a positive margin status (R1). Total mesopancreas excision (TMpE) has emerged as a potential approach to increase surgical radicality and minimize locoregional recurrence. However, its effectiveness and safety remain under evaluation.

A Case of Postaxial Polydactyly Managed Under Local Anesthesia.

Polydactyly is a common occurrence, observed as the presence of extra digit/s in the hands and feet. It can be categorized into preaxial, postaxial, and mesoaxial forms based on the location of the additional digit. In most instances only a single extra digit is present, research reports with more than one extra digit have been published.

Piezoelectricity in chalcogenide perovskites.

Piezoelectric materials show potential to harvest the ubiquitous, abundant, and renewable energy associated with mechanical vibrations. However, the best performing piezoelectric materials typically contain lead which is a carcinogen. Such lead-containing materials are hazardous and are being increasingly curtailed by environmental regulations.

Return to sporting activities following long fusions to the pelvis in adult spinal deformity.

Background Context: Returning to recreational sporting activities after adult spinal deformity (ASD) correction may significantly impact the patient's perceived quality of life.

Purpose: This study sought to characterize participation in sporting activities before and after ASD surgery, and to identify factors associated with impaired return to sports.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey and retrospective review of prospectively collected data.