Caregiver worry about COVID-19 as a predictor of social mitigation behaviours and SARS-CoV-2 infection in a 12-city U.S. surveillance study of households with children.

Objective: Understanding compliance with COVID-19 mitigation recommendations is critical for informing efforts to contain future infectious disease outbreaks. This study tested the hypothesis that higher levels of worry about COVID-19 illness among household caregivers would predict lower (a) levels of overall and discretionary social exposure activities and (b) rates of household SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Methods: Data were drawn from a surveillance study of households with children ( = 1913) recruited from 12 U.

Clinical, psychological, and sensory characteristics associated with headache attributed to temporomandibular disorder in people with chronic myogenous temporomandibular disorder and primary headaches.

Background: Headache attributed to Temporomandibular Disorder (HATMD) is a secondary headache that may have features resulting in diagnostic overlap with primary headaches, namely, tension-type (TTH) or migraine. This cross-sectional study of people with both chronic myogenous TMD and primary headaches evaluated characteristics associated with HATMD.

Methods: From a clinical trial of adults, baseline data were used from a subset with diagnoses of both TMD myalgia according to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) and TTH or migraine according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition.

Effect of comorbid migraine on propranolol efficacy for painful TMD in a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: The migraine-preventive drug propranolol is efficacious in reducing pain from temporomandibular disorder, suggesting potential modifying or mediating effects of comorbid migraine.

Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, myofascial temporomandibular disorder patients were treated with propranolol or placebo for 9 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in a facial pain index derived from daily symptom diaries.

Implementation of the Addendum Guidelines for Peanut Allergy Prevention by US allergists, a survey conducted by the NIAID, in collaboration with the AAAAI.

Background: In 2017, the Addendum Guidelines for the Prevention of Peanut Allergy were published with recommendations on early introduction of peanut-containing foods based on infants' clinical history.

Objective: We sought to conduct a nationwide US survey to assess Guidelines implementation among allergists and immunologists who manage infants for food allergy.

Methods: Survey invitations were delivered to 3281 nonretired, US members of the American Academy of Asthma, Allergy & Immunology, board certified in allergy and immunology.

Efficacy and safety of propranolol for treatment of temporomandibular disorder pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Propranolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2b trial enrolled participants aged 18 to 65 years with temporomandibular disorder myalgia to evaluate efficacy and safety of propranolol compared with placebo in reducing facial pain. Participants were randomized 1:1 to either extended-release propranolol hydrochloride (60 mg, BID) or placebo.

Assessment of Pediatrician Awareness and Implementation of the Addendum Guidelines for the Prevention of Peanut Allergy in the United States.

Importance: The 2017 Addendum Guidelines for the Prevention of Peanut Allergy in the United States recommend that pediatricians assess infant peanut allergy risk and introduce peanut in the diet at age 4 to 6 months. Early introduction has the potential to prevent peanut allergy development.

Objectives: To measure the rates of guideline awareness and implementation and to identify barriers to and factors associated with implementation among US pediatricians.

Effect of Treatment Expectation on Placebo Response and Analgesic Efficacy: A Secondary Aim in a Randomized Clinical Trial.

This randomized clinical trial assessed the effect of patients’ treatment expectations on the efficacy of propranolol vs placebo among patients with temporomandibular disorder–associated myalgia.

Did Arkansas' Medicaid Patient-Centered Medical Home Program Have Spillover Effects on Commercially Insured Enrollees?

Patient-centered medical homes are increasingly being implemented by state Medicaid programs to incentivize high-quality, coordinated care and ultimately lower health care spending. This study examined whether the Arkansas Medicaid Patient-Centered Medical Home Program's practice-wide transformation activities had spillover effects on commercial beneficiaries. We used difference-in-differences to compare utilization and expenditures of commercially insured enrollees as their practices received Medicaid patient-centered medical home certification on a rolling basis between 2014 and 2016.

Epoxide hydrolase 1 (EPHX1) hydrolyzes epoxyeicosanoids and impairs cardiac recovery after ischemia.

Stimuli such as inflammation or hypoxia induce cytochrome P450 epoxygenase-mediated production of arachidonic acid-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). EETs have cardioprotective, vasodilatory, angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects, which are diminished by EET hydrolysis yielding biologically less active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). Previous assays have suggested that epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) is responsible for nearly all EET hydrolysis.

Preseasonal treatment with either omalizumab or an inhaled corticosteroid boost to prevent fall asthma exacerbations.

Background: Short-term targeted treatment can potentially prevent fall asthma exacerbations while limiting therapy exposure.

Objective: We sought to compare (1) omalizumab with placebo and (2) omalizumab with an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) boost with regard to fall exacerbation rates when initiated 4 to 6 weeks before return to school.

Methods: A 3-arm, randomized, double-blind, double placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial was conducted among inner-city asthmatic children aged 6 to 17 years with 1 or more recent exacerbations (clincaltrials.

Prevalence of allergic sensitization in the United States: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006.

Background: Allergic sensitization is an important risk factor for the development of atopic disease. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006 provides the most comprehensive information on IgE-mediated sensitization in the general US population.

Objective: We investigated clustering, sociodemographic, and regional patterns of allergic sensitization and examined risk factors associated with IgE-mediated sensitization.

A multi-center ring trial of allergen analysis using fluorescent multiplex array technology.

Background: Consistent performance of allergen assays is essential to ensure reproducibility of exposure assessments for investigations of asthma and occupational allergic disease. This study evaluated intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility of a fluorescent multiplex array, which simultaneously measures eight indoor allergens in a single reaction well.

Methods: A multi-center study was performed in nine laboratories in the US and Europe to determine the inter-laboratory variability of an 8-plex array for dust mite, cat, dog, rat, mouse and cockroach allergens.

Can oral pathogens influence allergic disease?

The hygiene hypothesis contends that fewer opportunities for infections and microbial exposures have resulted in more widespread asthma and atopic disease. Consistent with that hypothesis, decreases in infectious oral diseases over the past half century have coincided with increases in the prevalence of asthma and other allergic diseases. This observation has led some researchers to speculate that exposures to oral bacteria, including pathogens associated with periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, might play a protective role in the development of asthma and allergy.

Allergy-related outcomes in relation to serum IgE: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006.

Background: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006 was the first population-based study to investigate levels of serum total and allergen-specific IgE in the general US population.

Objective: We estimated the prevalence of allergy-related outcomes and examined relationships between serum IgE levels and these outcomes in a representative sample of the US population.

Methods: Data for this cross-sectional analysis were obtained from NHANES 2005-2006.

Modulation of allergic airway inflammation by the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Accumulating evidence suggests that bacteria associated with periodontal disease may exert systemic immunomodulatory effects. Although the improvement in oral hygiene practices in recent decades correlates with the increased incidence of asthma in developed nations, it is not known whether diseases of the respiratory system might be influenced by the presence of oral pathogens. The present study sought to determine whether subcutaneous infection with the anaerobic oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis exerts a regulatory effect on allergic airway inflammation.

Novel relationship of serum cholesterol with asthma and wheeze in the United States.

Background: Cholesterol exerts complex effects on inflammation. There has been little investigation of whether serum cholesterol is associated with asthma, an inflammatory airways disease with great public health impact.

Objective: To determine relationships between levels of 3 serum cholesterol measures (total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and non-HDL-C) and asthma/wheeze in a sample representative of the US population.

Total IgE levels and asthma prevalence in the US population: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006.

Background: The inability to measure IgE-based sensitivity to all allergens has limited our understanding of what portion of asthma is related to IgE. Total IgE measurement can potentially overcome this limitation.

Objective: We sought to determine the association between total IgE levels and asthma.

Predictors of endotoxin levels in U.S. housing.

Background: The relationship of domestic endotoxin exposure to allergy and asthma has been widely investigated. However, few studies have evaluated predictors of household endotoxin, and none have done so for multiple locations within homes and on a national scale.

Objectives: We assayed 2,552 house dust samples in a nationwide study to understand the predictors of household endotoxin in bedroom floors, family room floors, beds, kitchen floors, and family room sofas.

The Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma (URECA) birth cohort study: design, methods, and study population.

Background: The incidence and morbidity of wheezing illnesses and childhood asthma is especially high in poor urban areas. This paper describes the study design, methods, and population of the Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma (URECA) study, which was established to investigate the immunologic causes of asthma among inner-city children.

Methods And Results: URECA is an observational prospective study that enrolled pregnant women in central urban areas of Baltimore, Boston, New York City, and St.

Exposure to multiple indoor allergens in US homes and its relationship to asthma.

Background: The National Survey of Lead and Allergens in Housing was the first population-based study to measure indoor allergen levels in US homes.

Objective: We characterized the overall burden to multiple allergens and examined whether increased allergen levels were associated with occupants' asthma status.

Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed a nationally representative sample of 831 housing units in 75 different locations throughout the United States.

Asthma cases attributable to atopy: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background: The percentage of asthma cases attributable to atopy is the subject of debate.

Objectives: The objectives were to estimate the percentage of asthma cases in the US population attributable to atopy and to examine associations between allergen-specific skin tests and asthma.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, in which subjects age 6 to 59 years were skin tested with 10 allergens.