Sleep Power Spectral Density and Spindles in PTSD and Their Relationship to Symptom Severity.

Sleep disturbances are common in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), although which sleep microarchitectural characteristics reliably classify those with and without PTSD remains equivocal. Here, we investigated sleep microarchitectural differences (i.e.

Associations of sleep measures with neural activations accompanying fear conditioning and extinction learning and memory in trauma-exposed individuals.

Study Objectives: Sleep disturbances increase risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Sleep effects on extinction may contribute to such risk. Neural activations to fear extinction were examined in trauma-exposed participants and associated with sleep variables.

Pilot Study on Dose-Dependent Effects of Transcranial Photobiomodulation on Brain Electrical Oscillations: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) has recently emerged as a potential cognitive enhancement technique and clinical treatment for various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders by delivering invisible near-infrared light to the scalp and increasing energy metabolism in the brain.

Objective: We assessed whether transcranial photobiomodulation with near-infrared light modulates cerebral electrical activity through electroencephalogram (EEG) and cerebral blood flow (CBF).

Methods: We conducted a single-blind, sham-controlled pilot study to test the effect of continuous (c-tPBM), pulse (p-tPBM), and sham (s-tPBM) transcranial photobiomodulation on EEG oscillations and CBF using diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) in a sample of ten healthy subjects [6F/4 M; mean age 28.

Fear extinction memory is negatively associated with REM sleep in insomnia disorder.

Study Objectives: Formation and maintenance of fear-extinction memories are disrupted in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety disorders. Sleep contributes to emotional memory consolidation and emotion regulation. Insomnia disorder (ID) is characterized by persistent sleep disturbance as well as rapid eye movement (REM) sleep abnormalities and often precedes or develops in parallel with PTSD and anxiety disorders.

Delayed fear extinction in individuals with insomnia disorder.

Study Objectives: Insomnia increases the risk for anxiety disorders that are also associated with fear-extinction deficits. We compared activation of fear and extinction networks between insomnia disorder (ID) without comorbidity and good sleepers (GS).

Methods: Twenty-three ID participants age- and sex-matched to 23 GS participants completed 14 days of actigraphy and diaries, three nights of ambulatory polysomnography and a 2-day fear conditioning and extinction paradigm.