Primary diffuse leptomeningeal oligodendrogliomatosis with an isolated 1p deletion.

We report a case of primary diffuse leptomeningeal oligodendrogliomatosis with an isolated 1p deletion confirmed by fluorescent hybridization (FISH) analysis in 52 year-old man. The MRI scan in a patient presenting with progressive headache, nausea and diplopia revealed diffuse leptomeningeal thickening and enhancement without definitive evidence of an intraparenchymal lesion. Biopsy of thickened, enhancing meninges within the left sylvian fissure revealed subarachnoid proliferation of oligodendroglial cells with varying degrees of de-differentiation and sparing of the underlying cortex.

Three-dimensional conformation of the injected bolus in vocal fold injections in a cadaver model.

Objective: To determine the 3-dimensional (3D) conformation of the injected bolus in the larynx in vocal fold injections, to understand how the bolus interacts spatially with elements of the laryngeal framework, and to relate the above to clinical observations in performing vocal fold injections.

Study Design: Excised cadaveric larynx study.

Setting: Laboratory.