Delayed perfusion evaluation in extremity trauma.

After severe trauma to an extremity, it is essential to achieve a stable and non-infected wound in order to facilitate the best outcome following reconstruction. That said, timely, meticulous and adequate debridement is very important. To facilitate the best possible debridement of the wound, it is important to understand the tissue circulation.

Higher-Order Linearization and Regularity in Nonlinear Homogenization.

We prove large-scale regularity for solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations with random coefficients, thereby obtaining a version of the statement of Hilbert's 19th problem in the context of homogenization. The analysis proceeds by iteratively improving three statements together: (i) the regularity of the homogenized Lagrangian  , (ii) the commutation of higher-order linearization and homogenization, and (iii) large-scale -type regularity for higher-order linearization errors. We consequently obtain a quantitative estimate on the scaling of linearization errors, a Liouville-type theorem describing the polynomially-growing solutions of the system of higher-order linearized equations, and an explicit (heterogenous analogue of the) Taylor series for an arbitrary solution of the nonlinear equations-with the remainder term optimally controlled.

A Vascular Malformation in the Hand with Compromised Neurologic Status.

Background: Vascular malformations of the hand are rare vascular malformations that are challenging to treat.

Methods: We present a case of a large vascular malformation with left hand pain and decreased sensation of the small and ring fingers. The lesion was treated operatively with surgical excision.

Integrin α1β1 participates in chondrocyte transduction of osmotic stress.

Background/purpose: The goal of this study was to determine the role of the collagen binding receptor integrin α1β1 in regulating osmotically induced [Ca(2+)]i transients in chondrocytes.

Method: The [Ca(2+)]i transient response of chondrocytes to osmotic stress was measured using real-time confocal microscopy. Chondrocytes from wildtype and integrin α1-null mice were imaged ex vivo (in the cartilage of intact murine femora) and in vitro (isolated from the matrix, attached to glass coverslips).

Circulating tumor cells: clinically relevant molecular access based on a novel CTC flow cell.

Background: Contemporary cancer diagnostics are becoming increasing reliant upon sophisticated new molecular methods for analyzing genetic information. Limiting the scope of these new technologies is the lack of adequate solid tumor tissue samples. Patients may present with tumors that are not accessible to biopsy or adequate for longitudinal monitoring.

The other gastropod larvae: larval morphogenesis in a marine neritimorph.

Two of the three major gastropod clades with feeding larvae are sister groups and larval morphogenesis for members of these clades, the Caenogastropoda and Heterobranchia, has been well studied. The third clade, the Neritimorpha, has an unstable phylogenetic position and little is known about development of their planktotrophic larvae. Information about larval morphology of neritimorphs and resolution of their controversial phylogenetic placement is critically important for understanding evolution of larval feeding within the Gastropoda.