Interventions Including Smart Technology Compared With Face-to-face Physical Activity Interventions in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: This is a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and a meta-analysis comparing smart technology with face-to-face physical activity (PA) interventions in community-dwelling older adults (mean age 60 years).

Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of interventions including smart technology components compared with face-to-face PA interventions on PA and physical function in older adults. The secondary outcomes are depression, anxiety, and health-related quality of life.

Smart technology vs. face-to-face physical activity interventions in older adults: a systematic review protocol.

Objective: The objective of this review is to determine the effect of physical activity interventions delivered via smart technology compared with face-to-face interventions for improving physical activity and physical function in older adults.

Introduction: Physical activity is a modifiable risk factor for multiple noncommunicable diseases and reduces the risk of premature mortality. Despite this, one in four adults does not meet recommended levels of physical activity.

Thiol-based redox signalling: rust never sleeps.

Cysteine residues in proteins are covalently modified under conditions of oxidative and nitrosative stress by oxidation, nitrosation, glutathionylation and disulfide formation. Modifications induce conformational changes in substrate proteins, effecting signal cascades that evoke a biological response. A growing number of structures with modified cysteines are allowing a piecemeal understanding of the mechanistic aspects of these signalling pathways to emerge.

Disulfides as redox switches: from molecular mechanisms to functional significance.

The molecular mechanisms underlying thiol-based redox control are poorly defined. Disulfide bonds between Cys residues are commonly thought to confer extra rigidity and stability to their resident protein, forming a type of proteinaceous spot weld. Redox biologists have been redefining the role of disulfides over the last 30-40 years.

Conformational changes in redox pairs of protein structures.

Disulfides are conventionally viewed as structurally stabilizing elements in proteins but emerging evidence suggests two disulfide subproteomes exist. One group mediates the well known role of structural stabilization. A second redox-active group are best known for their catalytic functions but are increasingly being recognized for their roles in regulation of protein function.

Signal transduction and Th17 cell differentiation.

The paradigm of effector T helper cell differentiation into either Th1 or Th2 lineages has been notably shaken by the discovery of a third lineage of cells that selectively produce interleukin (IL)-17. Characterization of this new subset, referred to as Th17, has provided exciting new insights into immunoregulation, host defense and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Additionally, the discovery of this T cell subset has offered a fresh look at such concepts as lineage commitment and terminal differentiation.

Positive effects of glucocorticoids on T cell function by up-regulation of IL-7 receptor alpha.

Despite the effects of glucocorticoids on immune function, relatively little is known about glucocorticoid-inducible genes and how their products may regulate lymphocyte function. Using DNA microarray technology to analyze gene expression in PBMC from healthy donors, we identified IL-7Ralpha as a glucocorticoid-inducible gene. This observation was confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels.