Publications by authors named "Samuel Dooley"

Because severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spreads easily and healthcare workers are at increased risk of both acquiring and transmitting infection, all healthcare facilities must rapidly and rigorously implement the full hierarchy of established infection controls: source control (removal or mitigation of infection sources), engineering and environmental controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment.

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Background: "Data to Care" (D2C) is a public health strategy that uses surveillance and other data to improve continuity of HIV care for persons with HIV (PWH) by identifying those who are in need of medical care or other services and facilitating linkage to these services. The primary goal of D2C is to increase the number of PWH who are engaged in care and virally suppressed.

Methods: Data to Care can be implemented using several approaches.

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HIV testing in non-health care settings is an effective strategy for increasing the proportion of persons aware of their infection. We conducted 21 focus groups with 186 past and potential clients in five U.S.

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Article Synopsis
  • The CDC invested $102.3 million in a 3-year HIV testing program aimed at communities most affected by the virus.
  • A return on investment (ROI) analysis indicated that for every dollar spent, there was a return of $1.95 due to the number of infections averted.
  • The initiative successfully tested 2.7 million people, diagnosed 3381 cases, and showed that consistent investment in large-scale HIV testing programs is financially beneficial for public health.
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Background: Recent US national efforts taken to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have emphasized HIV case-finding, including partner services (PS).

Methods: We collected data on HIV PS procedures and outcomes in 2006 from health departments in US metropolitan areas with the highest number of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, and primary and secondary syphilis, and compared our results with the data collected through a similar study carried out in 2001.

Results: Of the 71 eligible jurisdictions, 51 (72%) participated in this study.

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Background: The reliability of CDC HIV partner notification (PN) disposition codes has not been evaluated.

Methods: Disease Intervention Specialists (DIS) working for health departments in high HIV/STD-morbidity metropolitan areas completed a questionnaire that presented vignettes describing PN interviews. Questionnaires asked DIS to indicate whether they would record a disposition and what codes they would assign to each partner.

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Objectives: We evaluated the use of social networks to reach persons with undiagnosed HIV infection in ethnic minority communities and link them to medical care and HIV prevention services.

Methods: Nine community-based organizations in 7 cities received funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to enlist HIV-positive persons to refer others from their social, sexual, or drug-using networks for HIV testing; to provide HIV counseling, testing, and referral services; and to link HIV-positive and high-risk HIV-negative persons to appropriate medical care and prevention services.

Results: From October 1, 2003, to December 31, 2005, 422 recruiters referred 3172 of their peers for HIV services, of whom 177 were determined to be HIV positive; 63% of those who were HIV-positive were successfully linked to medical care and prevention services.

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Correctional facilities constitute an excellent opportunity to provide treatment, care, and prevention services for a population that may not otherwise access these services. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) recognize the public health importance of correctional settings and have begun to develop formal strategies to address the HIV/AIDS-relevant needs of incarcerated individuals. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and HRSA have implemented policies, activities, and strategic plans to reduce the HIV/AIDS disease burden among the high-risk populations that pass through the nation's prisons and jails.

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