Rapid Parallel Adaptation in Distinct Invasions of Ambrosia Artemisiifolia Is Driven by Large-Effect Structural Variants.

When introduced to multiple distinct ranges, invasive species provide a compelling natural experiment for understanding the repeatability of adaptation. Ambrosia artemisiifolia is an invasive, noxious weed, and chief cause of hay fever. Leveraging over 400 whole-genome sequences spanning the native-range in North America and 2 invasions in Europe and Australia, we inferred demographically distinct invasion histories on each continent.

Biallelic DAW1 variants cause a motile ciliopathy characterized by laterality defects and subtle ciliary beating abnormalities.

Purpose: The clinical spectrum of motile ciliopathies includes laterality defects, hydrocephalus, and infertility as well as primary ciliary dyskinesia when impaired mucociliary clearance results in otosinopulmonary disease. Importantly, approximately 30% of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia lack a genetic diagnosis.

Methods: Clinical, genomic, biochemical, and functional studies were performed alongside in vivo modeling of DAW1 variants.

Daw1 regulates the timely onset of cilia motility during development.

Motile cilia generate cell propulsion and extracellular fluid flows that are crucial for airway clearance, fertility and left-right patterning. Motility is powered by dynein arm complexes that are assembled in the cytoplasm then imported into the cilium. Studies in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii showed that ODA16 is a cofactor which promotes dynein arm import.