Antimalarial Properties of L. Leaf Extract in Mice: Survivability Depends Less on Parasitaemia Suppression.

has been used to treat malaria in Ghana albeit without scientific evidence of antimalarial activity and safety. This work aimed to assess the antimalarial properties and acute toxicity of the aqueous leaf extract of in murine models. Aqueous extract of the plant was analysed for both suppressive and curative antimalarial properties in chloroquine-sensitive ANKA strains of rodent -infected mice.

Towards the development of analytical monograph specifications for the quality assessment of the medicinal plant Phyllanthus urinaria.

Many people in developing countries rely on herbal remedies for their primary healthcare needs. The challenge however is that several of these products lack proper documentation of quality and safety. To ensure consistent quality, validated methods are needed to establish and control quality attributes associated with identity, purity, and levels of bioactive constituents of the respective herbal materials.

Bioequivalence studies of cetirizine tablets using the urine excretion data of healthy Ghanaian male volunteers.

Background: In the wake of economic challenges, the role of generic medicines has become crucial in meeting the healthcare needs of people. Their use, however, can only be guaranteed if established to be bioequivalent to their corresponding innovator products.

Aim: In this study, we assess the suitability of a generic brand of cetirizine hydrochloride tablet to be used in place of the innovator brand on the Ghanaian market through bioequivalence assessment.

Libkrylov: A modular open-source software library for extremely large on-the-fly matrix computations.

We present the design and implementation of libkrylov, an open-source library for solving matrix-free eigenvalue, linear, and shifted linear equations using Krylov subspace methods. The primary objectives of libkrylov are flexible API design and modular structure, which enables integration with specialized matrix-vector evaluation "engines." Libkrylov features pluggable preconditioning, orthonormalization, and tunable convergence control.

Development of an Analytical Workflow to Support the Establishment of Monographs in African Pharmacopoeias - Combretum mucronatum Leaves as Example.

Herbal medicines are invaluable in African medicine, but quality and safety are not documented in many cases. Besides controlled farming, validated quality control methods are needed to ensure identity, purity, and content. Analytical specifications within modern monographs are needed for consistent batch quality.

Quality assessment of African herbal medicine: A systematic review and the way forward.

Background: In Africa, herbalism supplements allopathic medicine's efforts to ensure Universal Health Coverage attainment. This review was conducted to identify and to summarise current literature on methodological approaches used for quality control of herbal medicines in Africa, to evaluate the gaps associated with existing strategies within context of best practices, and make recommendations for future improvements.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

The Unethical Use of Paracetamol As a Food Tenderizer in Four Selected African Countries: A Major Public Health Concern?

Paracetamol poisoning is the commonest cause of acute liver injury. Therefore, the unethical use of paracetamol as a food tenderizer poses a threat to human health. Although this is a common practice in Ghana, Uganda, Nigeria, and Kenya, there are few or no scientific records on the use of paracetamol as a food tenderizer and its deleterious effects, thus making it difficult to regulate this practice.

Reservoir of Antibiotic Residues and Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci in a Healthy Population in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana.

Antimicrobial resistance threatens infectious disease management outcomes, especially in developing countries. In this study, the occurrence of resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (rCoNS) and antibiotic residues in urine samples of 401 healthy individuals from Korle-Gonno (KG) and Dodowa (DDW) in Ghana was investigated. MALDI-ToF/MS with gram-staining techniques detected and identified the CoNS.

2.2.2-Cryptand complexes of neptunium(III) and plutonium(III).

New coordination environments are reported for Np(III) and Pu(III) based on pilot studies of U(III) in 2.2.2-cryptand (crypt).

Fruits of sweet: toxicity profile, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and quantification of one of its bioactive constituents oleanolic acid.

Background: Sweet fruit, an under-utilised crop specie of Ghana, has not been validated for its ethnomedical use in managing inflammatory conditions. Therefore, the study sought to investigate its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities as well as isolate and quantify one of its active constituents.

Materials And Methods: anti-inflammatory activity of the methanol fruit extract was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced oedema model in chicks.

Antimalarial Property and Acute Toxicity of the Leaves of L.

The leaf of cacao L. is used in traditional medicine in Ghana for the treatment of malaria, yet, with no scientific evidence of its antimalarial property in animals. It was, therefore, studied to validate the antimalarial property in infected mice.

Monitoring and risk assessment of pesticide residues in selected herbal medicinal products in Ghana.

The high patronage of herbal medicinal products in Ghana for the treatment of diverse disease conditions raises concerns about patient safety, given that much of the raw materials for production are obtained from the wild or farmlands potentially exposed to varied agrochemical residues. Therefore, the work sought to investigate the contamination of herbal medicinal products with pesticide residues and assess the potential risk posed to patients. As a result, validated gas chromatography with mass spectrometry as a detector was used to determine forty-two pesticides in thirty herbal medicinal products.

Synthesis of Ln -in-Cryptand Complexes by Chemical Reduction of Ln -in-Cryptand Precursors: Isolation of a Nd -in-Cryptand Complex.

Lanthanide triflates have been used to incorporate Nd and Sm ions into the 2.2.2-cryptand ligand (crypt) to explore their reductive chemistry.

Exposure of consumers to substandard antibiotics from selected authorised and unauthorised medicine sales outlets in Ghana.

Objective: To assess the quality of antibiotics sampled from authorised sales outlets (ATs) (i.e. hospitals/health centres, pharmacies and licensed chemical shops) and unauthorised sales outlets (UATs) (mainly street vendors) in Ghana and to explore the health-seeking behaviour of medicine consumers.

MALDI-HRMS imaging and HPLC-HRESI-MS characterisation of kaurane diterpenes in the fruits of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich (Annonaceae).

Introduction: Kaurane diterpenes, notably xylopic acid, have demonstrated important biological activities including analgesia, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity. The fruits of Xylopia aethiopica have been reported to be a rich source of kaurane diterpenes.

Objective: An analytical approach for detailed imaging and characterisation of selected kaurane diterpenes was developed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation high-resolution mass spectrometry (MALDI-HRMS) imaging techniques and high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRESI-MS ) studies, respectively.

In search of tris(trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl) thorium.

Reduction of Cp'ThCl, Cp'ThBr, and Cp'ThI (Cp' = CHSiMe) with potassium graphite generates dark blue solutions with reactivity and spectroscopic properties consistent with the formation of Cp'Th. The EPR and UV-visible spectra of the solutions are similar to those of crystallographically-characterized tris(cyclopentadienyl) Th(iii) complexes: [CH(SiMe)]Th, (CMeH)Th, (CBuH)Th, and (CMe)Th. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis indicates that the UV-visible spectrum is consistent with Cp'Th and not [Cp'ThBr].

Density functional theory studies on the generation of trimethylenemethanes from the ring opening of dialkoxymethylenecyclopropanes and methylenecyclopropanethioacetals and follow-up reactions.

This work reports a detailed DFT study on the generation of trimethylenemethanes (TMMs) from the ring opening of dialkoxymethylenecyclopropane (DMCP), methylenecyclopropanethioacetal (MCPT), and substituted derivatives of DMCP and MCPT, as well as follow-up reactions of the TMMs. The singlet DMCP and MCPT were found to be 51.32 and 53.

Pharmaceutical Residues Affecting the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Kristianstads Vattenrike Wetlands: Sources and Sinks.

This study is the first to investigate the pharmaceutical burden from point sources affecting the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Kristianstads Vattenrike, Sweden. The investigated Biosphere Reserve is a >1000 km(2) wetland system with inflows from lakes, rivers, leachate from landfill, and wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs). We analysed influent and treated wastewater, leachate water, lake, river, and wetland water alongside sediment for six model pharmaceuticals.

Antibiotic exposure in a low-income country: screening urine samples for presence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in coagulase negative staphylococcal contaminants.

Development of antimicrobial resistance has been assigned to excess and misuse of antimicrobial agents. Staphylococci are part of the normal flora but are also potential pathogens that have become essentially resistant to many known antibiotics. Resistances in coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) are suggested to evolve due to positive selective pressure following antibiotic treatment.