Local and long-range input balance: A framework for investigating frontal cognitive circuit maturation in health and disease.

Frontal cortical circuits undergo prolonged maturation across childhood and adolescence; however, it remains unknown what specific changes are occurring at the circuit level to establish adult cognitive function. With the recent advent of circuit dissection techniques, it is now feasible to examine circuit-specific changes in connectivity, activity, and function in animal models. Here, we propose that the balance of local and long-range inputs onto frontal cognitive circuits is an understudied metric of circuit maturation.

"They're not my daughter, and yet…they're also not my son": Parents negotiating their adult child's nonbinary gender identity.

Scholars are increasingly recognizing that substantial gender heterogeneity exists among transgender populations; that is, gender identities that defy the ubiquitous binary categories of male and female. However, the developing research base on the families of transgender adults focuses almost exclusively on the family members of transgender persons with binary gender identities, a noteworthy shortcoming considering the prevalence of nonbinary gender identities among transgender populations and the pervasive assumption that only two genders exist. To address this gap, the current study sought to uncover how the parents of transgender adults with nonbinary gender identities come to understand, make sense of, and negotiate nonbinary gender identities in their families.

Evidence for the cardiodepressive effects of the plasticizer di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate.

Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is commonly used in the manufacturing of plastic materials, including intravenous bags, blood storage bags, and medical-grade tubing. DEHP can leach from plastic medical products, which can result in inadvertent patient exposure. DEHP concentrations were measured in red blood cell units stored between 7 and 42 days (17-119 μg/ml).

KairoSight-3.0: A validated optical mapping software to characterize cardiac electrophysiology, excitation-contraction coupling, and alternans.

Background: Cardiac optical mapping is an imaging technique that measures fluorescent signals across a cardiac preparation. Dual optical imaging of voltage-sensitive and calcium-sensitive probes allows for simultaneous recordings of cardiac action potentials and intracellular calcium transients with high spatiotemporal resolution. The analysis of these complex optical datasets is both time intensive and technically challenging; as such, we have developed a software package for semi-automated image processing and analysis.

Evidence for the cardiodepressive effects of the plasticizer di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP).

Di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) is commonly used in the manufacturing of plastic materials, including intravenous bags, blood storage bags, and medical-grade tubing. DEHP can leach from plastic medical products, which can result in inadvertent patient exposure. DEHP concentrations were measured in red blood cell (RBC) units stored between 7-42 days (23-119 μg/mL).

: A Validated Optical Mapping Software to Characterize Cardiac Electrophysiology, Excitation-Contraction Coupling, and Alternans.

Background: Cardiac optical mapping is an imaging technique that measures fluorescent signals across a cardiac preparation. Dual optical mapping of voltage-sensitive and calcium-sensitive probes allow for simultaneous recordings of cardiac action potentials and intracellular calcium transients with high spatiotemporal resolution. The analysis of these complex optical datasets is both time intensive and technically challenging; as such, we have developed a software package for semi-automated image processing and analysis.

Toxicity comparison of atrazine on Eisenia fetida in artificial soil and three natural soils.

Atrazine has been widely used in the world and caused environmental pollution, especially soil pollution. When assessing the toxicity of atrazine in soil, most studies used standardized artificial soils, while few studies focused on the real soil environments. In the present study, three natural soils and artificial soil were selected as test soils to study and compare the toxicities of atrazine to Eisenia fetida.

Workforce Pathway Development: Evaluation of an Educational Seminar to Increase Student Interest in Nuclear Medicine.

Rationale And Objectives: Attracting more students to nuclear medicine is imperative to improving diversity and meeting growing staffing needs. In this study, we implemented a short seminar about nuclear medicine and evaluated its impact on student perceptions of the field.

Materials And Methods: We developed and presented 30-minute "Introduction to Nuclear Medicine" seminars to undergraduate college students and preclinical medical students.

A Process Evaluation of Primary Care Behavioral Health Integration in the Military Health System.

Behavioral health (BH) problems are common in the military and can adversely affect force readiness. Research suggests that primary care-behavioral health (PCBH) integration can improve BH outcomes by making high-quality BH care available in more accessible settings. However, sustaining high-quality implementation of PCBH is challenging.

The Radiology Scholars Certificate Program: A Medical Education Learning Tool.

Rationale And Objectives: The Radiology Scholars Certificate Program (RSCP) is an extracurricular program created for preclinical medical students to address disparities in radiology education and exposure during medical school.

Materials And Methods: The RSCP was designed as a year-long program for first- and second-year medical students. The 4 key components of the RSCP are: Exposure to radiology through shadowing, knowledge acquisition through self-paced case-based learning modules, knowledge application in interactive workshops, and completion of a scholarly project.

A Double-Edged Sword: Dual-Identity Centrality and the Health of Asian American Sexual Minority Individuals.

Asian American sexual minority individuals (AASMI) face the challenge of navigating two identities as both a sexual minority and a racial minority. However, the research base examining AASMI dual-identities remains underdeveloped. In the current study, we investigated the link between AASMI dual-identity centrality and their health and wellbeing using a subsample of 303 AASMI drawn from the Social Justice Sexuality Project dataset (n = 4,953).

Ecotoxicity evaluation of azoxystrobin on Eisenia fetida in different soils.

Azoxystrobin, a widely used broad-spectrum strobilurin fungicide, may pose a potential threat in agricultural ecosystems. To assess the ecological risk of azoxystrobin in real soil environments, we performed a study on the toxic effects of azoxystrobin on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in three different natural soils (fluvo-aquic soil, black soil and red clay soil) and an artificial soil. Acute toxicity of azoxystrobin was determined by filter paper test and soil test.

Seasonal Occurrence of Potato Psyllid () and Risk of Zebra Chip Pathogen () in Northwestern New Mexico.

Potato psyllid () is one of the most important pests in potatoes ( L.) due to its feeding behavior and the transmission of a bacterium ( Liberibacter solanacearum) that causes zebra chip disease, altering the quality of the potato tuber and the fried potato chip or french fry. This pest is thus a threat to the chip potato industry and often requires preventive measures including the use of costly insecticides.

Substance Use Among a National Sample of Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents: Intersections of Sex Assigned at Birth and Gender Identity.

We examined how substance use differed as a function of sex assigned at birth and gender identity (cisgender, transgender, or nonbinary/genderqueer) by type of substance. We sought to test whether current gender identity and sex assigned at birth were key factors in substance use among a large contemporary sample that included transgender and nonbinary/genderqueer adolescents. We analyzed data from a large national U.

Population Dynamics of Six Major Insect Pests During Multiple Crop Growing Seasons in Northwestern New Mexico.

This study was conducted to monitor the population dynamics of six major insect pests at the NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington (ASC-Farmington) and within an adjacent commercial farm (Navajo Agricultural Products Industry, NAPI) for more effective and efficient pest management during the 2013-2019 period. Specific pheromone traps, sticky and net traps were used to collects moths of beet armyworm (), cabbage looper ( ), corn earworm (), fall armyworm (), potato psyllid (), and western bean cutworm (). These insects generally appear in early June and their population decreases toward the end of August/early September with different peak times and magnitudes during July and August.

"No [Right] Way to be a Black Woman": Exploring Gendered Racial Socialization Among Black Women.

Using the theoretical lenses of intersectionality and racial-ethnic socialization, we conducted a focus group study with 29 Black women. We analyzed transcripts for the sources of messages about skin color and hair and for participants' responses to these messages via a grounded theory approach. Family members were the primary source of messages about skin color and hair.

Principles of Ion Selection, Alignment, and Focusing in Tandem Ion Mobility Implemented Using Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM).

Tandem ion mobility (IM) enables the characterization of subpopulations of ions from larger ensembles, including differences that cannot be resolved in a single dimension of IM. Tandem IM consists of at least two IM regions that are each separated by an ion selection region. In many implementations of tandem IM, ions eluting from a dimension of separation are filtered and immediately transferred to the subsequent dimension of separation (selection-only experiments).

Considering the Role of Nativity in the Health and Psychological Wellbeing of Black LGBT Adults.

Recent scholars have underscored how the experiences of LGBT people of color cannot be fully understood by considering only the independent contributions of race and sexual orientation. Framed by an intersectional lens, the current study seeks to address this gap in understanding by considering the role of nativity on the health and wellbeing of Black sexual minority adults; we also examined the moderating effects of family support and racial community climate on this relationship. Using national data from the Social Justice Sexuality Project (= 2,166), we discovered that foreign-born Black LGBT adults had similar levels of psychological wellbeing and physical health as their native counterparts; family support and racial community climate did not moderate this relationship.

Controlled-release urea reduced nitrogen leaching and improved nitrogen use efficiency and yield of direct-seeded rice.

The use of controlled-release urea (CRU) has become one of best management practices for increasing crop yield and improving nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE). However, the effects of CRU on direct-seeded rice are not well understood while direct-seeding has gradually replaced transplanting due to increasing labor cost and lack of irrigation water. The objective of this two-year field experiment was to compare the effects of the CRU at four rates (120, 180, 240 and 360 kg N ha, CRU1, CRU2, CRU3 and CRU4, respectively) with a conventional urea fertilizer (360 kg N ha; U) and a control (no N fertilizer applied; CK) on yield, biomass, NUE of direct-seeded rice and soil nutrients.

Patient perspectives on compensation for biospecimen donation.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether biospecimen donors believe they should receive compensation. This is the first study to report biospecimen donors' views on compensation and can potentially improve informed consent and recruitment practices.

Methods: Researchers asked patients undergoing surgical removal of tissue to donate biological materials to a biobank; the request was made at their presurgical appointment or in the preoperative clinic of the Emory University Hospital.

Surgery Website as a 24/7 Adjunct to a Surgical Curriculum.

Objective: Successfully teaching duty hour restricted trainees demands engaging learning opportunities. Our surgical educational website and its associated assets were assessed to understand how such a resource was being used.

Design: Our website was accessible to all Mayo Clinic employees via the internal web network.

Cadaveric Dissection vs Homemade Model: What is the Best Way to Teach Endoscopic Totally Extraperitoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair?

Background: Endoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair (TEP-IHR) requires practice and training to perform well. We developed a simple, low-cost, inanimate model to teach surgical residents inguinal anatomy and the technique of mesh insertion for a safe, endoscopic TEP-IHR. The objective of this study was to compare our model vs cadaveric dissection for teaching anatomy and mesh insertion.