Perioperative Segmentation of the Posterior Fossa and the Keel of Goodrich in Surgical Outcomes of Chiari Malformations.

Background: Chiari I malformation (CM-I) is defined as the extension of brain tissue into the spinal cord. This study aimed to refine the methodology for the acquisition of 3-dimensional measurements of the posterior fossa and introduce occipital keel size as a new marker and its impact in patients with CM.

Methods: In this retrospective study, all patients who underwent Chiari decompression surgery at Montefiore Medical Center from April 2012 to April 2022 were included.

Volumetric segmentation in the context of posterior fossa-related pathologies: a systematic review.

Background: Segmentation tools continue to advance, evolving from manual contouring to deep learning. Researchers have utilized segmentation to study a myriad of posterior fossa-related conditions, such as Chiari malformation, trigeminal neuralgia, post-operative pediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome, and Crouzon syndrome. Herein, we present a summary of the current literature on segmentation of the posterior fossa.

STAT5b gain-of-function disease in a child with mycobacterial osteomyelitis of the skull: rare presentation of an emerging disease entity.

Purpose: STAT proteins play a key role in several cellular functions related to cell development, differentiation, proliferation, and survival. Persistent STAT activation due to somatic STAT5b gain-of-function mutation is a rare mechanism of STAT dysregulation that results in hypereosinophilia, frequent infections, leukemias, and pulmonary diseases. Herein, we describe a case of a child with a rare early onset STAT5b gain-of-function disease treated with targeted JAK inhibition who developed a cranial Mycobacterium avium osteomyelitis.

Imaging score for differentiation of meningioma grade.

Purpose: We sought to establish a comprehensive imaging score indicating the likelihood of higher WHO grade meningiomas pre-operatively.

Methods: All surgical intracranial meningioma patients at our institution between 2014 and 2018 underwent retrospective chart review. Preoperative MRI sequences were reviewed, and imaging features were included in the score based on statistical and clinical significance.

A case of hydrocephalus confounded by suprasellar arachnoid cyst and concomitant reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome.

Background: Obstructive hydrocephalus is a neurologic condition that has varied clinical and imaging presentations, as well as a multitude of congenital etiologies including aqueductal stenosis and less commonly arachnoid cysts. Aqueductal stenosis is a physical limitation to cerebrospinal fluid flow along the course of the aqueduct, which results in enlargement of the third and lateral ventricles. Arachnoid cysts are thin walled and fluid filled central nervous system lesions that can result in mass effect on adjacent structures.

Neurological Sequelae of COVID-19.

Background: Though primarily a pulmonary disease, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus can generate devastating disease states that affect multiple organ systems including the central nervous system (CNS). The various neurological disorders associated with COVID-19 range in severity from mild symptoms such as headache, or myalgias to more severe symptoms such as stroke, psychosis, and anosmia. While some of the COVID-19 associated neurological complications are mild and reversible, a significant number of patients suffer from stroke.

Impact of aneurysm diameter, angulation, and device sizing on complete occlusion rates using the woven endobridge (WEB) device: Single center United States experience.

Background: The Woven EndoBridge device is a novel treatment option for wide-necked bifurcation intracranial aneurysms (WNBA). While this device has had good results, there remains a subset of WNBA that fail this treatment. The main objective of this study is to identify risk factors that are associated with incomplete occlusion of WEB treated aneurysms at short-term follow up.

Nuances in detecting retained foreign bodies: a case report of a glass shard embedded in a child's scalp.

Foreign bodies (FBs) are a relatively common reason for admission to the emergency department, with subacutely embedded FBs presenting a diagnostic challenge to physicians. Retained FBs may cause the patient harm and result in litigation when missed. Diagnostic imaging is a powerful tool for localization of FBs and a physician's choice of modality should reflect its anticipated composition.