A 13-year space-based climatological evolution of desert dust aerosols in the Middle East and North Africa regions observed by the CALIPSO.

The present study explores the intricacies of CALIPSO Level 3 optimized Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and Dust Aerosol Optical Depth (DAOD) products. Hence, the study focused on regions in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) across different seasons from January 2007 to December 2020. The study utilizes a refined 1° × 1° grid resolution to analyze horizontal distribution patterns, seasonal variations, and the interplay of various aerosol constituents.