Effects of High Amylose-Resistant Starch on Gut Microbiota and Uremic Toxin Levels in Patients With Stage-G3a-G4 Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Trial.

Objective: This study was designed to determine the effect of 16 weeks of supplementation with Hi-maize 260 resistant starch (RS) on the gut microbiota, uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate [PCS]), markers of inflammation, and oxidative stress along with vascular function in patients with stage G3a-G4 chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Design And Methods: This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm, randomized controlled trial. Sixty-eight patients with stage-G3a-G4 CKD were randomized to either RS with usual care or placebo and usual care.

The effects of 16-weeks of prebiotic supplementation and aerobic exercise training on inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, uremic toxins, and the microbiota in pre-dialysis kidney patients: a randomized controlled trial-protocol paper.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by dysbiosis, elevated levels of uremic toxins, systemic inflammation, and increased markers of oxidative stress. These factors lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is common among CKD patients. Supplementation with high amylose maize resistant starch type 2 (RS-2) can change the composition of the gut microbiota, and reduce markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with end-stage renal disease.

Impact of Dietary Potassium Restrictions in CKD on Clinical Outcomes: Benefits of a Plant-Based Diet.

In patients with advanced-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD), progressive kidney function decline leads to increased risk for hyperkalemia (serum potassium > 5.0 or >5.5 mEq/L).

Preservation of fat-free mass after two distinct weight loss diets with and without progressive resistance exercise.

Background: Preserving fat-free mass (FFM) during weight loss is important in older adults. The purpose was to examine a low-fat diet (LFD) versus a carbohydrate-restricted diet (CRD) with and without progressive resistance exercise (PRE) on preservation of FFM in older men with metabolic syndrome.

Methods: A total of 42 men (59±7 years) were matched [body mass index (BMI)] and randomized to LFD, LFD&PRE, CRD, and CRD&PRE.

Effects of unilateral and bilateral lower-body heavy resistance exercise on muscle activity and testosterone responses.

Unilateral and bilateral lower-body heavy resistance exercises (HREs) are used for strength training. Little research has examined whether muscle activation and testosterone (TES) responses differ between these exercises. Our purpose was to compare the effects of unilateral and bilateral lower-body HRE on muscle activity using surface electromyography (sEMG) and TES concentrations.

Effects of dietary macronutrient distribution on vascular integrity in obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome is a condition characterized by a clustering of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Emerging data suggest vascular integrity is disrupted in metabolic syndrome. Vascular integrity may be determined using several measurements, including pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and flow-mediated dilation.

Lack of circulating bioactive and immunoreactive IGF-I changes despite improved fitness in chronic kidney disease patients following 48 weeks of physical training.

Objective: As known abnormalities exist in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, the measurement of bioactive IGF-I may provide further insight into the therapeutic potential of long-term exercise training.

Design: Patients (N=21) with stages 3 and 4 CKD were recruited from a local nephrology practice in Springfield, MA and randomized into matched treatment and control groups. The treatment group participated in 48 weeks of supervised, progressive exercise training and dietary counseling, while the control group received only usual care.

Effects of lifting tempo on one repetition maximum and hormonal responses to a bench press protocol.

This study was carried out in 2 parts: part 1 was designed to measure the 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press with 2 different moderate-velocity tempos (2/0/2) vs. (2/0/4) in male lifters while part 2 compared the hormonal responses at the same tempos as described in part 1. In both parts 1 and 2, the 1RMs (lbs) were higher on the 2/0/2 tempo than on the 2/0/4 tempo.

ACTN3 and ACE genotypes in elite Jamaican and US sprinters.

Unlabelled: The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and the alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) genes are two of the most studied "performance genes" and both have been associated with sprint/power phenotypes and elite performance.

Purpose: To investigate the association between the ACE and the ACTN3 genotypes and sprint athlete status in elite Jamaican and US African American sprinters.

Methods: The ACTN3 R577X and the ACE I/D and A22982G (rs4363) genotype distributions of elite Jamaican (J-A; N = 116) and US sprinters (US-A; N = 114) were compared with controls from the Jamaican (J-C; N = 311) and US African American (US-C; N = 191) populations.

Immediate blood pressure-lowering effects of aerobic exercise among patients with chronic kidney disease.

Aim: The current study was designed to determine the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on blood pressure responses within the laboratory for 60 min post exercise and in the subsequent 24 h period in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Methods: Twenty-four subjects with stages 2-4 chronic kidney disease (age = 54.5 +/- 15.

The acute effect of aerobic exercise on brachial artery endothelial function in renal transplant recipients.

This study compared the effect of a 30-minute walk on brachial artery endothelial vasodilatation in kidney transplant (KT) recipients and healthy controls (HCs). Endothelial-dependent vasodilatation was measured by ultrasound before and after exercise. The HCs experienced a significant increase in vasodilatation after exercise 1 minute postocclusion when compared with the KT recipients (22%+/-13% vs 3%+/-4%; P<.

The effects of yoga training and a single bout of yoga on delayed onset muscle soreness in the lower extremity.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of yoga training and a single bout of yoga on the intensity of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). 24 yoga-trained (YT; n = 12) and non-yoga-trained (CON; n = 12), matched women volunteers were administered a DOMS-inducing bench-stepping exercise. Muscle soreness was assessed at baseline, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after bench-stepping using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

The Robinson Protocol: a treadmill anaerobic performance test.

The current investigation was designed to further examine the reliability of the Robinson protocol, which is a run-to-exhaustion treadmill test. Robinson (10) originally examined this protocol with 5 subjects. The significance of the initial exploratory study was the impetus for expanding the study to examine the reliability of the protocol with a larger sample.

IGF-I system responses during 12 weeks of resistance training in end-stage renal disease patients.

Objective: To examine the hypothesis that 12 weeks of resistance training would alter circulating concentrations of IGF-I system components in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients.

Design: Ten ESRD patients underwent 12 weeks of resistance training after a 6 week control period and had morning fasted blood drawn on four occasions (weeks - 6, 0, 6, 12). Immunoassays were performed for serum total and free IGF-I, IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) 2 and 3, and the acid labile subunit (ALS).