Mitoxantrone repression of astrocyte activation: relevance to multiple sclerosis.

Mitoxantrone has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the mechanisms by which mitoxantrone modulates MS are largely unknown. Activated astrocytes produce nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, and IL-1β, molecules which can be toxic to central nervous system (CNS) cells including oligodendrocytes, thus potentially contributing to the pathology associated with MS.

Stenting for superior vena cava obstruction in pediatric heart transplant recipients.

Background: Superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction can be a complication in heart transplant recipients. We reviewed our experience with relief of SVC obstruction using endovascular stents in pediatric heart transplant recipients.

Methods: Study cohort included pediatric heart transplant recipients, followed at our institution, who required endovascular stent placement for SVC obstruction.