Transdiaphragmatic intercostal hernia induced by sternutation: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Sternutation is, by definition, a situation that increases abdominal pressure. However, it has not been clearly linked to protrusion of abdominal content through weaknesses in the abdominal boundaries.

Case Presentation: Here we present a case report in which the only trigger factor found for an abdominal content protrusion was a sternutation episode.

[Malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumor of the posterior mediastinum].

Melanotic schwannoma (MS) is a rare and infrequent subtype of schwannoma characterized by cytoplasmic deposits of melanosomes (melanin). Unlike the other schwannomas, it could have malignant transformation. Due to distinctive characteristics and atypical behavior from classic schwannomas subtypes, MS were renamed and reclassified as "melanocytic malignant neural sheath tumor" in the 5th ed.

Clinical evolution and mortality of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia treated with remdesivir in an adult intensive care unit of Paraguay.

Background: The health crisis due to Covid-19 led to the search for therapeutics that could improve the evolution of the disease. Remdesivir, an antiviral that interferes with viral replication, was one of the first to be used for the treatment of this pathology.

Objective: To determine clinical course and mortality of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia treated with remdesivir, in comparison of those who didn't receive the medication.

Serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of in children under 5 years of age pre- and post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in Paraguay.

remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide in children <5 years of age, even with advances in vaccination programmes. Reviewing and reporting trends in the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes and antimicrobial resistance in Paraguay will be useful for decision-making in public health..

[COVID 19 infection: age-stratified population-based cohort seroepidemiological study in Asunción and Central].

Background: COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus type-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic in March 2020. Seroprevalence studies are useful to estimate the proportion of the population previously infected, quantify the magnitude of transmission, estimate the fatality rate, evaluate the effect of interventions, and estimate the degree of immunity of the population.

Aim: To determine the extension of the infection and the cumulative incidence of age-specific infection, determined by seropositivity in the population of the sanitary regions of Asunción and the Central Department of Paraguay.

Analysis of antibiotic resistance and genetic profile of conjunctival bacteria flora before and after cataract surgery.

Purpose: To analyze antibiotic resistance and genetic profile of conjunctival bacteria flora before and after cataract surgery with the focus on coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) during cataract surgery and discuss the implications of this colonization as a potential risk of acquiring endophthalmitis.

Methods: After approval of the institutional review board and informed consent from patients had been obtained, conjunctival swabs for culture from 59 patients undergoing cataract surgery were taken of the fellow eye at baseline (C0) and from the eye to be operated before (T0) and after (T1) irrigation with povine-iodine 5%, and at the end of surgery (T2). Genes responsible for virulence (mecA, ica and atlE) and antibiotic profile were determined; strain clonality of persistent colonizing Staphylococcus epidermidis strains was established by the Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST).

[Delay in diagnosis as a prognostic factor for disability in patients with leprosy in Paraguay. Case and control study].

Background: Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease, is one of the major causes of preventable disability. Early treatment prevents neurological damage and disability.

Aim: To identify prognostic factors of disability in individuals with multibacillary and paucibacillary leprosy who completed a drug treatment between 2011 and 2017 in Paraguay.

Reflective functioning and empathy among mothers of school-aged children: Charting the space between.

Parental child-focused (RF)-understanding children's behavior as a function of mental states-and parental -understanding, resonating with, and feeling concern for children's emotions-have each been linked to sensitive caregiving and children's attachment security in separate studies, but they have been neither directly compared nor have researchers tested whether they interact in predicting child outcomes. In this article, we offer theoretical perspectives regarding differences between the constructs, potential points of connection, and ways in which these constructs may function together. Then we test these ideas empirically with 2 samples of mothers of school-age children, exploring their unique and interactive associations with parenting sensitivity, children's attachment security, and children's emotion regulation.

[Malassezia species causative of pityriasis versicolor in Paraguay].

Background: Pityriasis versicolor is a frequent pathology in Paraguay; however, its epidemiology is unknown.

Aim: To determine the frequency of Malassezia species causing pityriasis versicolor and the epidemiological characteristics of the population.

Methods: Samples from patients with a presumptive diagnosis of pityriasis versicolor were collected.

[Synchronous pulmonary adenocarcinoma and primary lymphoma of lung mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue].

The lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), are uncommon entities, of low grade of malignancy with very infrequent or no lymph node involvement. They represent about 80% of the primary pulmonary lymphomas. The synchronous appearance with lung adenocarcinoma is an extremely rare finding.

[Prevalence and intensity of geohelminths infection characterizing the socio-cultural and environmental factors that affect the infection of school children, Paraguay, 2015].

Introduction: Currently, Paraguay has no data on the prevalence of soil-transmitted geohelminth infection in schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years.

Aim: To determine the prevalence and intensity of infection by Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworms and the socio-cultural-environmental characteristics of the affected population.

Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study, in three semi-tropical climatic zones: continental, semi steppe and humid.

Sensing and Storing the Blood Pressure Measure by Patients through A Platform and Mobile Devices .

In this article, we present a platform that allows for the integration of different applications for the follow-up of patients with chronic diseases. We developed two elements: a mobile and a web application. The mobile application allows the capture and processing of vital signs for patients with high blood pressure (hypertension).

Effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus virulence factor profiles in patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Purpose: In this prospective study, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify genes encoding virulence factors (ica, atlE and mecA) in Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) isolates from the ocular microbiota of patients undergoing cataract surgery and to investigate possible changes in the CNS profile due to antibiotic prophylaxis.

Methods: Between 09/2011 and 08/2013, patients undergoing cataract surgery were recruited at the Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Asuncion, Paraguay. In the eye to be operated on, patients received moxifloxacin 0.

Methicillin resistance and biofilm production of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from infectious and normal flora conjunctiva.

Purpose: Coagulase-negative staphylococci have been reported to be the most frequent cause of bacterial postoperative endophthalmitis. Biofilm formation is the major virulence factor of Staphylococcus epidermidis and is often associated with methicillin resistance. This study aims at evaluating the presence of biofilm-producing and methicillin resistance genes (mecA) in S.

[Clinical and epidemiological aspects of toxoplasmosis in patients with vision problems].

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide disease; it can cause decreased vision or even blindness. The route of transmission in humans may vary according to the habits of the region; probably the ingestion of raw or undercooked meat is the main source of infection.

Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in an eye clinic, the frequency of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) and risk habits for acquiring the infection.

[Seroprevalence of leptospirosis and associated factors in workers of the urban cleaning service of the Municipality of Asuncion, Paraguay].

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a serious infectious disease that has been linked to occupational activities such as farmers, sewer workers, garbage collectors, butchers and veterinarians. It is acquired through contact with major reservoirs like rodents, pets, or the environment contaminated by their urine. In Paraguay, there are no published reports on the seroprevalence of leptospirosis related to work activity.

[Seroprevalence of dengue infection in a district of the Paraguayan Chaco: Population based study].

Background: Dengue is an infection of great global importance with different clinical presentations.

Objective: To establish the seroprevalence of infection by the dengue virus in a district of the Paraguayan Chaco.

Material And Methods: Cross-sectional study in 418 inhabitants of three villages in the district of Villa Hayes, Paraguay, using a probabilistic household sampling, a questionnaire and blood sampling.

[Estimate of the incidence of HIV in the adult population of Paraguay using the MoT mathematical model].

Objective: To estimate the incidence of HIV in the adult population of Paraguay for 2014 and analyze its distribution and associated uncertainty according to risk behavior. METHODS The UNAIDS model was applied according to modes of transmission (MoT). Data were obtained from a detailed review of documents prepared between 1996 and 2013.

[Demodex spp in chronic blepharitis patients].

Background: Blepharitis is a very common disease in the ophthalmologic practice generally taking a chronic course with intermittent exacerbations. Several studies have linked the presence of Demodex folliculorum with chronic blepharitis, since the mite has the capacity to perpetuate the follicular inflammatory process. The prevalence of infection by Demodex spp.

Comparative study of the efficacy of different treatment options in patients with chronic blepharitis.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of 3 treatment options in patients with chronic blepharitis.

Methodology: An experimental, randomized, controlled study was conducted on 45 patients (female 67%; Mean age: 40.5 years) diagnosed with chronic blepharitis, in order to compare the effectiveness of three treatment options.

Late diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients diagnosed with unilateral congenital cataract at Fundación Visión, in Asuncion, Paraguay.

Purpose: Providing data on the late diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients who underwent surgery for total unilateral congenital cataract. Methods: Systematic retrospective review of the medical record of all patients between 0 and 16 years old with total unilateral congenital cataract who underwent surgery at Fundación Vision between January 2010 and July 2012. Results: Medical records of 37 patients (51 % females) were studied, age was 7.

Is the cost the primary barrier for cataract surgery in Paraguay?

Purpose: To determine if the cost was the main barrier to undergo cataract surgery in Paraguay.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study with patients screened in the 2011 Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) who had reported that the cost was the main barrier to undergo cataract surgery in Paraguay. All patients with operable cataract from the RAAB study and with registered telephone numbers were interviewed by telephone and were offered free surgery services.