Certolizumab Pegol Treatment in Patients With Crohn's Disease: Final Safety Data From the SECURE Registry.

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) treatment is associated with increased risks of infection and malignancies. Although the safety of certolizumab pegol (CZP) is well established, long-term data from community-based observational studies are lacking.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate long-term safety outcomes of patients from the SECURE registry receiving CZP relative to other CD treatments, including corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics.

Imaging Biomarkers of Oral Dysplasia and Carcinoma Measured with In Vivo Endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography.

Optical coherence tomography is a noninvasive imaging technique that provides three-dimensional visualization of subsurface tissue structures. OCT has been proposed and explored in the literature as a tool to assess oral cancer status, select biopsy sites, or identify surgical margins. Our endoscopic OCT device can generate widefield (centimeters long) imaging of lesions at any location in the oral cavity-but it is challenging for raters to quantitatively assess and score large volumes of data.

Three-Dimension Epithelial Segmentation in Optical Coherence Tomography of the Oral Cavity Using Deep Learning.

This paper aims to simplify the application of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the examination of subsurface morphology in the oral cavity and reduce barriers towards the adoption of OCT as a biopsy guidance device. The aim of this work was to develop automated software tools for the simplified analysis of the large volume of data collected during OCT. Imaging and corresponding histopathology were acquired in-clinic using a wide-field endoscopic OCT system.

Oral cancer detection and progression prediction using noninvasive cytology-based DNA ploidy approach.

Background: Despite the oral cavity being readily accessible, oral cancer (OC) remains a significant burden. The objective of this study is to develop a DNA ploidy-based cytology test for early detection of high-risk oral lesions.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted using 569 oral brushing samples collected from 95 normal and 474 clinically abnormal mucosa with biopsy diagnosis of reactive, low-grade or high-grade precancer or cancers.

Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm for the Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection : Subgroup Analysis of PUNCH CD2 and PUNCH CD3.

Goals: To assess fecal microbiota, live-jslm (REBYOTA, abbreviated as RBL, formerly RBX2660) efficacy and safety in participants grouped by recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) risk factors and treatment-related variables.

Background: RBL is the first microbiota-based live biotherapeutic approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the prevention of rCDI in adults after antibiotic treatment for rCDI.

Study: Treatment success rates across subgroups for PUNCH CD3 (NCT03244644) were estimated using a Bayesian hierarchical model, borrowing data from PUNCH CD2 (NCT02299570).

Microbiota-Based Live Biotherapeutic RBX2660 for the Reduction of Recurrent Infection in Older Adults With Underlying Comorbidities.

Background: Advanced age and underlying comorbidities are associated with greater rates of recurrence in patients with infection (CDI). Reducing the likelihood of recurrence through treatment with an antimicrobial followed by a microbiota replacement therapy can decrease the burden of this infection and improve patient outcomes. We report the efficacy and safety of RBX2660, a microbiota-based live biotherapeutic, in older adults with recurrent CDI, grouped by comorbidities.

Separation of Emulsions with Fibrous Filter-Coalescers.

During froth treatment, a water-in-diluted bitumen emulsion is obtained. The emulsified water contains chloride ions that form hydrochloric acid in downstream oil processing, leading to catalyst deactivation and equipment corrosion. Emulsified water, drops smaller than 10 μm, cannot be effectively removed by gravity settling and centrifugation to below 2 wt %.

Review of Treatment Options for Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation and Chronic Idiopathic Constipation.

Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) are two common disorders of gut-brain interaction. Affected patients often first present to their primary care providers seeking care for symptoms of constipation, abdominal pain, and bloating, which have a significant impact on their health-related quality of life. These patients often require extensive counseling and reassurance, and knowledge of reliable diagnostic criteria and treatment options is imperative to managing their conditions.

Interfacial Tension of the Water-Diluted Bitumen Interface at High Bitumen Concentrations Measured Using a Microfluidic Technique.

The interfacial tension (IFT) is a critical parameter to inform our understanding of the phenomena of drop breakup and droplet-droplet coalescence in sheared water-in-diluted bitumen (dilbit) emulsions. A microfluidic extensional flow device (MEFD) was used to determine the IFT of the dilbit-water emulsion system for bitumen concentrations of 33%, 50%, and 67% by weight (solvent to bitumen ratio (S/B) = 2, 1, and 0.5, respectively) and two different pH values of water: 8.

An actionable test using loss of heterozygosity in identifying high-risk oral premalignant lesions.

Objectives: To develop an actionable test using fluorescence capillary electrophoresis (FCE) to assess loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of histologically similar low-grade lesions (LGLs) to identify high-risk lesions for oral cancer progression.

Study Design: To determine the cutoffs of LOH, the FCE results of 52 surgical margin samples were used to compare with the existing LOH results from the previously validated P-GE approach. Using the developed FCE workflow, an independent set of 102 LGLs with known progression status was used to determine the LOH molecular risk (MR) patterns and associated risk of progression.

Oral health status and possible explanatory factors of an inner-city low-income community.

Background/purpose: Individuals with low income bear a number of health challenges to healthcare services. Vancouver's Downtown Eastside (DTES) is known to be a low-income community in a metropolitan city. Because it is difficult to reach, the oral health (OH) status of these residents is unknown.

Decision making on detection and triage of oral mucosa lesions in community dental practices: screening decisions and referral.

Unlabelled: Oral cancer is a substantial, often unrecognized issue globally, with close to 300 000 new cases reported annually. It is a management conundrum: a cancer site that is easily examined; yet more than 40% of oral cancers are diagnosed at a late stage when prognosis is poor and treatment can be devastating. Opportunistic screening within the dental office could lead to earlier diagnosis and intervention with improved survival.

Influence of fluorescence on screening decisions for oral mucosal lesions in community dental practices.

Background: Quality of oral screening examinations is dependent upon the experience of the clinician and can vary widely. Deciding when a patient needs to be referred is a critical and difficult decision for general practice clinicians. A device to aid in this decision would be beneficial.

The use of quantitative cytology in identifying high-risk oral lesions in community practice.

Objective: This study evaluated whether quantitative cytology (QC) can disclose abnormal DNA content (aneuploidy) and abnormal nuclear morphology of high-risk potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) of the oral mucosa found in the community in reference to clinicohistopathologic features.

Study Design: A total of 171 patients at community-based clinic with suspicious oral lesions were evaluated with concurrent but independent histopathologic and QC assessments.

Results: QC-positive results were associated with oral lesions with higher clinical risk factors: large size, nonhomogeneous surface texture, and located at high-risk anatomic sites.

Management of Frey syndrome using botulinum neurotoxin: a case report.

Frey syndrome is manifested clinically by hemifacial flushing and sweating after a gustatory stimulus. Frey syndrome is usually secondary to traumatic injury in the parotid region and is thought to be the result of misdirected re-sprouting of damaged autonomic nerve fibres. In this case report, we highlight the clinical and psychosocial aspects of Frey syndrome from a patient"s perspective, outline the pathophysiology of the condition and current management strategies, and describe the use of botulinum neurotoxin in the treatment of Frey syndrome.

Biopsy and histopathologic diagnosis of oral premalignant and malignant lesions.

Accurate diagnosis of premalignant or malignant oral lesions depends on the quality of the biopsy, adequate clinical information and correct interpretation of the biopsy results. The purpose of this paper is to review the procedures for obtaining appropriate biopsy samples, and the criteria for diagnosing and grading dysplasias. The World Health Organization's description of the architectural and cytologic epithelial changes that characterize dysplasia is detailed, and guidelines for following up patients with premalignant and malignant lesions are provided.

Evaluation of a suspicious oral mucosal lesion.

Dentists who encounter a change in the oral mucosa of a patient must decide whether the abnormality requires further investigation. In this paper, we describe a systematic approach to the assessment of oral mucosal conditions that are thought likely to be premalignant or an early cancer. These steps, which include a comprehensive history, step-by-step clinical examination (including use of adjunctive visual tools), diagnostic testing and formulation of diagnosis, are routinely used in clinics affiliated with the British Columbia Oral Cancer Prevention Program (BC OCPP) and are recommended for consideration by dentists for use in daily practice.

Fluorescence visualization detection of field alterations in tumor margins of oral cancer patients.

Purpose: Genetically altered cells could become widespread across the epithelium of patients with oral cancer, often in clinically and histologically normal tissue, and contribute to recurrent disease. Molecular approaches have begun to yield information on cancer/risk fields; tissue optics could further extend our understanding of alteration to phenotype as a result of molecular change.

Experimental Design: We used a simple hand-held device in the operating room to directly visualize subclinical field changes around oral cancers, documenting alteration to fluorescence.

Direct fluorescence visualization of clinically occult high-risk oral premalignant disease using a simple hand-held device.

Background: A considerable proportion of oral cancer and precancer is not clinically apparent and could contribute significantly to the late diagnosis and high mortality of oral cancer. A simple method to identify such occult change is needed.

Methods: Patients in the Oral Dysplasia Clinics at British Columbia are currently being examined with a simple hand-held device that permits the direct visualization of alterations to autofluorescence in the oral cavity.

Simple device for the direct visualization of oral-cavity tissue fluorescence.

Early identification of high-risk disease could greatly reduce both mortality and morbidity due to oral cancer. We describe a simple handheld device that facilitates the direct visualization of oral-cavity fluorescence for the detection of high-risk precancerous and early cancerous lesions. Blue excitation light (400 to 460 nm) is employed to excite green-red fluorescence from fluorophores in the oral tissues.