P300/CBP Regulates HIF-1-Dependent Sympathetic Activation and Hypertension by Intermittent Hypoxia.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a widespread breathing disorder, leads to intermittent hypoxia (IH). Patients with OSA and IH-treated rodents exhibit heightened sympathetic nerve activity and hypertension. Previous studies reported transcriptional activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (Nox) by HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1) contribute to autonomic dysfunction in IH-treated rodents.

Maximizing patient safety when prescribing opioids for pain management.

Cytochrome P450 enzyme metabolism is altered by environmental and genetic factors, which can affect the efficacy and safety of opioids. This article describes CYP polymorphisms and how pharmacogenetic testing could be used to help clinicians make safer decisions about opioid use in patients.

The impact of COVID-19 on adolescent psychiatric inpatient admissions.

COVID-19 has disrupted the lives of individuals and families across the globe. For many, the impacts of this global pandemic have been insurmountable and have resulted in significant stressors. Although medical advances have allowed individuals to slowly begin to restore their sense of normalcy, COVID-19 has resulted in unprecedented mental health impacts for many, especially children and adolescents.

Vedolizumab Experience in Children and Adolescents With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter Observational Study.

Background: Vedolizumab is increasingly used off-label to treat children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the absence of rigorous clinical trial experience, multicenter observational data are important to establish expectations for efficacy and safety. We examined 1-year outcomes following vedolizumab therapy in a large multicenter pediatric IBD cohort.

Modified Snake α-Neurotoxin Averts β-Amyloid Binding to α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Reverses Cognitive Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease Mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of senile dementia and one of the greatest medical, social, and economic challenges. According to a dominant theory, amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is a key AD pathogenic factor. Aβ-soluble species interfere with synaptic functions, aggregate gradually, form plaques, and trigger neurodegeneration.

Mindfulness-based group therapy: Impact on psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents.

The practice of mindfulness has long been incorporated into psychotherapy. Research on the therapeutic benefits of mindfulness exists within adult populations, and emerging empirical evidence demonstrates the benefit of such practices in the treatment of adolescents in both clinical and non-clinical settings. However, there are extremely limited data on the practice of mindfulness with adolescents in a psychiatric hospital.

Dysregulation of Cortical Neuron DNA Methylation Profile in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome whose etiology includes genetic and environmental components. Since epigenetic marks are sensitive to environmental insult, they may be involved in the development of ASD. Initial brain studies have suggested a dysregulation of epigenetic marks in ASD.

I'll See You in Court…Again: Psychopathology and Hyperlitigious Litigants.

Persistent litigation is a problem in many legal jurisdictions and is costly at individual and systemic levels. This phenomenon is referred to as "querulous" behavior in psychiatric literature, whereas legal discourse refers to it as "vexatious litigation." We refer to this phenomenon as "hyperlitigious behavior" and those who engage in these actions as "hyperlitigious litigants.

Neuronal CTCF Is Necessary for Basal and Experience-Dependent Gene Regulation, Memory Formation, and Genomic Structure of BDNF and Arc.

CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is an organizer of higher-order chromatin structure and regulates gene expression. Genetic studies have implicated mutations in CTCF in intellectual disabilities. However, the role of CTCF-mediated chromatin structure in learning and memory is unclear.

Innovative Strength-Based Care in Child and Adolescent Inpatient Psychiatry.

Problem: Child and adolescent psychiatric units serve the highest risk, most vulnerable populations in the mental health delivery system. This article describes the integration of a strength-based approach with a traditional, medical model of psychiatric care on an acute inpatient unit. A strength-based framework allows for increased focus on exploring patients' goals, strengths, relationships, skills, and family communication within the hospital setting.

Biotinylation: a novel posttranslational modification linking cell autonomous circadian clocks with metabolism.

Circadian clocks are critical modulators of metabolism. However, mechanistic links between cell autonomous clocks and metabolic processes remain largely unknown. Here, we report that expression of the biotin transporter slc5a6 gene is decreased in hearts of two distinct genetic mouse models of cardiomyocyte-specific circadian clock disruption [i.

Novel environment influences the effect of paradoxical sleep deprivation upon brain and peripheral cytokine gene expression.

Sleep loss increases inflammatory mediators in brain and peripheral tissues, but the mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. Male C57BL/6j mice were exposed to paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) for 24h using the modified multiple platform (MMP) technique (platforms over water) or two different controls: home cage or a dry platform cage, which constituted a novel environment. PSD mice exhibited increased IL-1β and TNF-α pro-inflammatory gene expression in brain (hypothalamus, hippocampus, pre-frontal cortex), as well as in peripheral tissues (liver, spleen), when compared with home-cage controls.

Hypomethylation of miR-142 promoter and upregulation of microRNAs that target the oxytocin receptor gene in the autism prefrontal cortex.

Background: MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that regulate the translation of protein from gene transcripts and are a powerful mechanism to regulate gene networks. Next-generation sequencing technologies have produced important insights into gene transcription changes that occur in the brain of individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (asd). However, these technologies have not yet been employed to uncover changes in microRNAs in the brain of individuals diagnosed with asd.

DNA methylation analysis of the autistic brain reveals multiple dysregulated biological pathways.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by dysfunction in social interaction, communication and stereotypic behavior. Genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in the development of ASD, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their interaction are not clear. Epigenetic modifications have been suggested as molecular mechanism that can mediate the interaction between the environment and the genome to produce adaptive or maladaptive behaviors.

Hypothetical constructs, hypothetical questions, and the expert witness.

Professor John Henry Wigmore in 1940 described the hypothetical question as an intolerable obstruction of truth. Since that time, the nature and application of the hypothetical question in the courtroom, as well as responses to this line of questioning during expert testimony, have been sources of controversy. Governed by legal philosophical foundations, the hypothetical construct addresses what there is, in a general sense, and what can or ought to be.

Demographic, educational, and experiential factors associated with dentists' decisions to report hypothetical cases of child maltreatment.

The purpose of this study was to examine demographic factors associated with dentists' decisions to report hypothetical cases suggestive of child maltreatment. Surveys were mailed to 500 general dentists (GDs) in Georgia and all 200 pediatric dentists (PDs) in Georgia and Florida. The general dentists were chosen from a pool of 1500 by a stratified randomization scheme.

Perceptions associated with dentists' decisions to report hypothetical cases of child maltreatment.

The purpose of this study was to examine case-specific perceptions associated with dentists' decisions to report hypothetical cases suggestive of child maltreatment. Surveys were mailed to 500 general dentists (GDs) in Georgia and all 200 pediatric dentists (PDs) in Georgia and Florida. The GDs were chosen from a pool of 1500 by a stratified randomization scheme.