Diagnostic Accuracy of Intraoperative Touch Imprint Cytology for the Diagnosis of Axillary Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis of Breast Cancer: Comparison With Intraoperative Frozen Section Evaluation.

Introduction The intraoperative frozen section is a recommended method to detect breast cancer metastasis to axillary sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs); however, frozen section is not widely available and requires an experienced staff. Alternatively, touch imprint cytology (TIC) is a simple and cost-effective technique to detect metastasis. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of TIC for detecting SLN metastasis and compared it with intraoperative frozen section evaluation.

Comparison of Liquid-Based Cytology and Conventional Papanicolaou Smear for Cervical Cancer Screening: An Experience From Pakistan.

Introduction After the introduction of cervical cancer screening program with cervical cytology, a marked decline in deaths secondary to cervical cancer was observed in developed countries. Two methods are used for cervical cytology. The first one is the conventional Papanicolaou (PAP) and the second one is liquid-based cytology (LBC).

Utility of the GeneXpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Rifampin (MTB/RIF) Assay on Paraffin-Embedded Biopsy Tissue Samples for Detecting Tuberculosis: Comparison With Histopathology.

Introduction The Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Rifampin (MTB/RIF) assay is a qualitative nested real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) performed on the GeneXpert instrument system. Although, the utility of this technique for detecting tuberculosis (TB) in sputum and pus samples is well established, however, the usefulness of GeneXpert on biopsy samples is still a matter of debate. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the utility of GeneXpert for detecting MTB in biopsy specimens diagnosed with TB.

Utility of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Evaluation of Lymphadenopathy.

Introduction Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a quick, effective and relatively inexpensive technique to evaluate the visibly accessible superficial masses. As cervical, axillary and inguinal lymphadenopathies are commonly encountered clinical problems, in this study, we evaluated the utility of FNAC for assessment of lymphadenopathy. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Cytopathology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, over the duration of three years.

p16 Immunohistochemical Expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Association With Prognostic Parameters.

Background p16 is a tumor suppressor gene, over expression of which is considered as a surrogate marker of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Moreover, p16 over expression correlates with good prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of p16 overexpression in HNSCC in our setup and its association with clinicopathologic parameters.

Prognostic significance of p16 & p53 immunohistochemical expression in triple negative breast cancer.

Background: p16 and p53 genes are frequently mutated in triple negative breast cancer & prognostic value of these mutations have been shown; however, their role as immunohistochemical overexpression has not been fully validated. Therefore we aimed to evaluate the association of p16 and p53 overexpression in triple negative breast cancer with various prognostic parameters.

Methods: Total 150 cases of triple negative breast cancers were selected from records of pathology department archives that underwent surgeries at Liaquat National hospital, Karachi from January 2008 till December 2013.

Immunohistochemical expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in South Asian head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: association with various risk factors and clinico-pathologic and prognostic parameters.

Background: In this study, we intend to determine the immunohistochemical expression of EGFR in cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its association with prognostic clinico-pathologic features.

Methods: A total of 115 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, were included in the study. Clinico-pathologic features, risk factors, and recurrence status of cases were evaluated, and EGFR immunohistochemistry was performed.

Cytokeratin 5/6 and cytokeratin 8/18 expression in triple negative breast cancers: clinicopathologic significance in South-Asian population.

Objective: Cytokeratin 5/6 and Cytokeratin 8/18 are basal and luminal markers of breast cancer and they have pathological and prognostic significance in breast cancer. We performed Cytokeratin 5/6 and CK8/18 immunohistochemistry on 150 cases of triple negative breast cancers and association with various clinicopathological features was evaluated.

Results: Positive CK5/6 expression was noted in 8% (12 cases) of TNBC while 2.

Accuracy of intraoperative frozen section for the evaluation of ovarian neoplasms: an institutional experience.

Background: Ovarian neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of tumors including surface epithelial, germ cell and sex cord stromal tumors with a subset having low malignant potential (borderline tumors). While the surgical management plan differs in different categories of tumors, preoperative diagnosis is seldom available. In these circumstances, the role of frozen section becomes invaluable.

Role of peritoneal washing cytology in ovarian malignancies: correlation with histopathological parameters.

Background: Peritoneal dissemination of ovarian tumors is a major prognostic parameter in ovarian malignancies. Analysis of peritoneal washing cytology serves as a useful predictor of ovarian surface involvement and peritoneal metastasis even in the absence of clinical omental spread. The aim of the current study is to correlate peritoneal cytology with various histologic features of ovarian cancers in our setup.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma - comparative evaluation of pathological parameters in young and old patients.

Background: To evaluate pathological features of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to compare these pathological features in patients younger and older than 40 years.

Materials And Methods: All resection specimens of HNSCC between 2010 and 2013 evaluated. Tumor characteristics - grade, location (site) cervical node status, alongwith presence or absence of extranodal extension, lymphovascular invasion, gender and age - were extracted from surgical pathology reports.

Diagnostic role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the evaluation of salivary gland swelling: an institutional experience.

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a cytodiagnostic method based on morphologic findings of individual and small group of cells aspirated using a fine needle. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the spectrum of salivary gland lesions in our setting and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC for salivary gland lesions.

Methods: The study involved 187 cases of parotid and submandibular swellings of patients who underwent FNAC at our institution.

Diagnostic accuracy of Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology: an institutional perspective.

Introduction: Thyroid swelling is common problem among South Asian women. Although benign nodules far outnumber cancerous lesions, the risk of malignancy needs to be evaluated preoperatively for which fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is widely used. Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology (BSRTC) was introduced to streamline the reporting of thyroid aspirates.