Administration of rIL-33 Restores Altered mDC/pDC Ratio, MDSC Frequency, and Th-17/Treg Ratio during Experimental Cerebral Malaria.

The onset of malaria causes the induction of various inflammatory markers in the host's body, which in turn affect the body's homeostasis and create several cerebral complications. Polarization of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) from the classically activated M1 to alternatively activated M2 phenotype increases the secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules. Treatment with recombinant IL-33 (rIL-33) not only alters this MDSC's polarization but also targets the glycolysis pathway of the metabolism in MDSCs, rendering them less immunosuppressive.

Estimating nitric oxide (NO) from MDSCs by Griess method.

The functional importance of nitric oxide (NO) in the fields of immunology concerning its antimicrobial, anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive effects have made it inevitable to study its secretion from various cells. Nitrogen oxide synthase (NOS) is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing NO and its three isoforms function in a cell-dependent manner. NO is oxidized rapidly to Reactive nitrogen oxide species (RNOS) through which the roles of NO are being carried out.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of different optical interventions on the control of myopia in children.

To compare the treatment efficacy of childhood myopia control optical interventions [spectacles, soft contact lenses (SCLs) and orthokeratology (OK) lenses], explore the consistency of treatment efficacies during the treatment period and evaluate the impact of baseline spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL) and age on the treatment effect. A literature search of EMBASE, PubMed and Google Scholar databases identified 220 articles published between January 2000 and April 2022, which reported the treatment efficacy by differences in the SER and AL change between intervention and control groups. Thirty-five articles were included in the analysis.

Administration of soluble gp130Fc disrupts M-1 macrophage polarization, dendritic cell activation, MDSC expansion and Th-17 induction during experimental cerebral malaria.

Regulatory effect of IL-6 on various immune cells plays a crucial role during experimental cerebral malaria pathogenesis. IL-6 neutralization can restore distorted ratios of myeloid dendritic cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells as well as the balance between Th-17 and T-regulatory cells. IL-6 can also influence immune cells through classical and trans IL-6 signalling pathways.

CD4IL9 (Th9) cells as the major source of IL-9, potentially modulate Th17/Treg mediated host immune response during experimental cerebral malaria.

Th9, a new subgroup of CD4T cells is characterized by its specific cytokine IL-9, is a critical factor in allergic diseases, cancers and parasitic infections. This study aimed to explore the potential roles of Th9 cells in the immunopathogenesis of ECM. In splenocytes sourced from uninfected, PbA and Py infected mice, Th9 cells were characterised by flow cytometry, cell sorting and qPCR.

IL-6 dependent expansion of inflammatory MDSCs (CD11b+ Gr-1+) promote Th-17 mediated immune response during experimental cerebral malaria.

Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of heterogeneous cell populations that can suppress T cell responses. Various aspects of MDSCs in regulating immune responses in several cancer and infectious diseases have been reported till date. But the role and regulation of MDSCs have not been systematically studied in the context of malaria.

Differences in Image Quality after Three Laser Keratorefractive Procedures for Myopia.

Significance: Psychophysical estimates of spatial and depth vision have been shown to be better after bilateral ReLEx small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) refractive surgery for myopia, relative to photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK). The present study provides the optical basis for these findings using computational image quality analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare longitudinal changes in higher-order wavefront aberrations and image quality before and after bilateral PRK, FS-LASIK, and SMILE refractive procedures for correcting myopia.

Recent Progress in Amorphous Carbon-Based Materials for Anodes of Sodium-Ion Batteries: Synthesis Strategies, Mechanisms, and Performance.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are gaining renewed interest as a promising alternative to the already commercialized lithium-ion batteries. The large abundance, low cost, and similar electrochemistry of sodium (compared with lithium) is attracting the attention of the research community for their deployment in energy storage devices. Despite the fact that there are adequate cathode materials, the choice of suitable anodes for SIBs is limited.

Partial impairment of late-stage autophagic flux in murine splenocytes leads to sqstm1/p62 mediated nrf2-keap1 antioxidant pathway activation and induced proteasome-mediated degradation in malaria.

Splenomegaly, a major symptom in Plasmodium infection, is extensively studied for its immunopathological role in mice malaria model infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. The status of autophagic regulation in hosts in malaria pathogenesis remains unreported till date. This study demonstrated the autophagy, proteasomal degradation and NRF2-KEAP1 antioxidant pathway status in the host during Plasmodium infection taking murine spleen as our organ of interest.

Longitudinal Changes in Optical Quality, Spatial Vision, and Depth Vision after Laser Refractive Surgery for Myopia.

Significance: Laser refractive surgery procedures are efficacious at correcting myopia, but they result in long-term deterioration of optical quality that affects monocular and binocular visual performance. The study shows that the optical quality of the two eyes needs to be similar to optimize binocular visual performance after surgery.

Purpose: This study aimed to systematically analyze longitudinal changes in optical quality, high- and low-contrast logMAR acuity and random-dot stereoacuity before and after three refractive surgery procedures for correcting myopia.

BiTaO film: a promising photoelectrode for photoelectrochemical water splitting.

Most of the transition metal bismuth salts have excellent visible absorption range and carrier transport properties due to their unique structure capable of orbits and s-p bonds. As one of the transition metal bismuth salts, BiTaO is firstly directly prepared on fluorine-doped SnO transparent conductive glass (FTO) as a photoanode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation via a simple hydrothermal method using a special precursor solution. The growth mechanism of the BiTaO film is investigated in detail.

Autophagic induction modulates splenic plasmacytoid dendritic cell mediated immune response in cerebral malarial infection model.

Splenic plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) possess the capability to harbor live replicative Plasmodium parasite. Isolated splenic pDC from infected mice causes malaria when transferred to naïve mice. Incomplete autophagic degradation might cause poor antigen processing and poor immune response.

Impact of autophagic regulation on splenic red pulp macrophages during cerebral malarial infection.

Splenic red pulp macrophages play a critical role infiltration of infected RBC and elimination of pathogens during malarial infection. However, the efficiency of pathogenic processing and the intricate pathway followed by them to boost the downstream immune response has not been studied in details. We checked the status of autophagic regulation within the cells both before and after the infection and also modulated the autophagic flux with either its inducer or inhibitor.

Band edge tuned ZnCdS solid solution nanopowders for efficient solar photocatalysis.

This work highlights the synthesis of zinc blende ZnCdS ternary solid solutions with a tunable bandgap. Composition dependent band gaps are realized due to the effective band edge tuning of the solid solutions which in turn show decent photocatalytic behaviour. The bandgap of ZnCdS increases as Zn composition increases.

Differential modulation of glial cell mediated neuroinflammation in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection by TGF β and IL 6.

Modulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory axis and orientation of glial cell function towards neuroinflammation, were hallmark signs of cerebral malaria (CM). CM pathogenesis was concerned with the circulating levels of Interleukin 6 (IL 6) and Transforming growth factor β (TGF β). Definite roles of these two cytokines in brain related pathology remained largely unexplored.

CoO Nanowires on Flexible Carbon Fabric as a Binder-Free Electrode for All Solid-State Symmetric Supercapacitor.

Developing portable, lightweight, and flexible energy storage systems has become a necessity with the advent of wearable electronic devices in our modern society. This work focuses on the fabrication of CoO nanowires on a flexible carbon fabric (CoNW/CF) substrate by a simple cost-effective hydrothermal route. The merits of the high surface area of the prepared CoO nanostructures result in an exceptionally high specific capacitance of 3290 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s, which is close to their theoretical specific capacitance.

Topological Insulator BiSe/Si-Nanowire-Based p-n Junction Diode for High-Performance Near-Infrared Photodetector.

Chemically derived topological insulator BiSe nanoflake/Si nanowire (SiNWs) heterojunctions were fabricated employing all eco-friendly cost-effective chemical route for the first time. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed proper phase formation of BiSe nanoflakes. The morphological features of the individual components and time-evolved hybrid structures were studied using field emission scanning electron microscope.

Novel Quaternary Chalcogenide/Reduced Graphene Oxide-Based Asymmetric Supercapacitor with High Energy Density.

In this work we have synthesized quaternary chalcogenide CuNiSnS (QC) nanoparticles grown in situ on 2D reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for application as anode material of solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs). Thorough characterization of the synthesized composite validates the proper phase, stoichiometry, and morphology. Detailed electrochemical study of the electrode materials and ASCs has been performed.

Role of TGF-β and IL-6 in dendritic cells, Treg and Th17 mediated immune response during experimental cerebral malaria.

The role of cytokines in Plasmodium infection have been extensively investigated, but pro and anti inflammatory cytokines mediated imbalance during malaria immune-pathogenesis is still unrevealed. Malaria is associated with the circulating levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), but association between these two cytokines in immune response remains largely obscured. Using mouse model, we proposed that IL-6 and TGF-β are involved in immune regulation of dendritic cells (DC), regulatory T cells (Treg), T-helper cells (Th17) during P.

Image Quality Analysis of Eyes Undergoing LASER Refractive Surgery.

Laser refractive surgery for myopia increases the eye's higher-order wavefront aberrations (HOA's). However, little is known about the impact of such optical degradation on post-operative image quality (IQ) of these eyes. This study determined the relation between HOA's and IQ parameters (peak IQ, dioptric focus that maximized IQ and depth of focus) derived from psychophysical (logMAR acuity) and computational (logVSOTF) through-focus curves in 45 subjects (18 to 31 yrs) before and 1-month after refractive surgery and in 40 age-matched emmetropic controls.

Dendritic cells subsets mediated immune response during Plasmodium berghei ANKA and Plasmodium yoelii infection.

The roles of dendritic cells (DCs) in mediating immunity against Plasmodium infection have been extensively investigated, but immune response during pathogenesis of malaria is still poorly understood. In the present study, we compared the splenic DCs phenotype and function during P. berghei ANKA (PbA) or P.

Revisiting the impact of phenylephrine hydrochloride on static and dynamic accommodation.

Purpose: Phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHCl), a commonly used mydriatic agent, causes a small but significant deterioration of accommodation. The relative roles of pharmacology and optics in this deterioration, however, remain unascertained. The study determined the combined impact of PHCl concentration (pharmacology) and pupil size (optics) on the static and dynamic characteristics of accommodation.

Copper-induced immunotoxicity involves cell cycle arrest and cell death in the spleen and thymus.

Copper is an essential trace element for human physiological processes. To evaluate the potential adverse health impact/immunotoxicological effects of this metal in situ due to over exposure, Swiss albino mice were treated (via intraperitoneal injections) with copper (II) chloride (copper chloride) at doses of 0, 5, or 7.5 mg copper chloride/kg body weight (b.