[Correction of physical performance of mice with the derivatives of 3-oxypyridine and pyridine].

Effects of 21 phenyl ethyl-substituted derivatives of 3-oxypyridine (3-OP), 6 adamantine derivatives of pyridine (PD) and actoprotectors bemithyl and bromanthane on physical performance (PP) were evaluated during treadmill testing of mice in ordinary conditions and following vibration. It was stated that in ordinary conditions PP was improved by eleven 3-OP derivatives and 3 adamantine PDs; nine 3-OP derivatives and 3 adamantine PDs had a positive effect following vibration. The actoprotective effect of the compounds depends on their chemical composition, dose and a background.

[Structure of skeletal muscles in combined conditions of denervation, physical load and laser acupuncture].

An experimental investigation of the skeletal muscles denervation with a subsequent histological, electron microscopical and morphometrical study of their structural state has been carried out on 77 Wistar male rats. Structure of the muscles in the animals, subjected to laseropuncture and also to its combination with physical load after denervation, is disturbed to an essentially less degree than after denervation only. Combination of laseropuncture and physical load ensures activation of regeneration and reinnervation processes of the skeletal muscles.

[Morphology of skeletal muscles after long-term hypokinesia and laser acupuncture].

Hypokinesia (Hk) lasting for 150 days has been modelling on Wistar male rats by means of their holding in special boxes. After decapitation in 10, 20, 50, 100 and 150 days the muscles of their extremities have been studied, using stereological methods. At Hk, especially for 50 days, inhibition of morphogenesis of ultrastructures and development of certain pathological processes are noted in the muscles with their preponderance in red fibers.

[The effect of laser puncture on the functional indices of the mammalian body].

Biologically active points (acupuncture points) and reflexogenic zones of Wistar rats of different age were exposed to He-Ne laser radiation with the subsequent control of acetylcholine esterase activity, electric parameters of skeletal muscles and heart, and physical activity. Laser puncture was shown to increase the sympathetic nervous system tonus which was manifested by the decreased acetylcholine esterase activity and increased heart rate. Laser puncture stimulated the growth of membrane potential and increased considerably the performance capability of animals, particularly of three-month-olds.

[Morphologic validation of the use of laser puncture in myopathies].

Conditions of hypokinesia from 10 to 150 days were produced in 24 4-month-old male rats. Biologically active points were irradiated by a helium-neon laser. Microscopically visualized destructive changes of muscle fibers were most pronounced on the 50-th day of hypokinesia (43.

[Ultrastructural changes in the skeletal muscles after physical exertion in rats of various ages].

The white rats of the age 1, 3 and 12 months ran in the treadmill at a speed 45 m/min for 20, 40, 60 and 90 days. There is not any linear dependence of muscular transformations and the intensity of physical loading. Changes of the material components of muscular fibers are of undulated character, depending on the age, increase in quantity of myofibrils is always accompanied with a decrease in the quantity of mitochondria.

[Limits of homeostasis of ultrastructural components of the skeletal muscles at norm and during muscular activity].

Certain data obtained by electron microscopic and morphology metric methods prove that fluctuations of the limits of intra-cellular homeostasis of the dominating components of muscular fibres are within 7 per cent. It is demonstrated that skeleton muscles of animals of different age get adapted to physical loading by intracellular regeneration.

[Morphofunctional characteristics of enzyme activity of the muscles in ontogenesis and after physical load].

By means of histochemical methods using cytospectrophotometer in femoral muscles of white rats 1-, 3- and 12-month-old enzymatic activity of anaerobic and aerobic cycles has been estimated. The greatest changes occur after 20 days of physical load in 1- and 12-month-old animals. The semitendinous muscle (ventral origin), consisting mainly of red muscle fibers, works chiefly in aerobic regime and possesses a more manifested succinate dehydrogenase activity, and the quadriceps muscle (dorsal origin) consists principally of white fibers and its lactate dehydrogenase activity changes more noticeably.

[Effect of lithium oxybutyrate on the viability of preserved donor kidney].

The experiments on 10 dogs showed that replacement of sodium oxybutyrate for lithium oxybutyrate in the solution for preservation increases the period of preserving the structural and functional integrity of the donor kidney, contributes to its survival and delays the development of the transplant rejection.

[Method for the quantitative evaluation of the effect of drugs and other factors on the viability of an ischemic skin flap].

The use of a skin graft from the leg or back of mice or rats (10 X 20 mm) or rats (12 X 52 mm) with its further packing results in the 50 +/- 10% ruin of the distal part. The effect of different factors on necrosis change in size is quantitatively evaluated.

[Effect of drugs on the viability of a pedicled skin flap in mice].

In experiments on random-bred white male mice it was shown that medicinal agents, applied for various purposes in dermatoplasty operations, exert different influence on the size of necrosis of a skin flap on a feeding pedicle.

[Effect of diuretics on lithium chloride toxicity].

Experiments on guinea-pigs, albino rats and mice have shown that administration of novurint, cyclomethiatiazid, hypothiazid, diacarb and lasix provides no favourable results in acute poisoning with LD50 and LD90 of lithium chloride. Euphylline is effective only after administration of LD50 of lithium chloride.

[Effect of psychotropic drugs on the pharmacokinetics of lithium].

It was established in mouse experiments that tofranyl and ftoracizin promote rapid attainment of the maximum level of Li+ in tissues (rather than in blood) after their combined administration with LiCl. Haloperidol and to a less measure triphthazin, aminazin and phenazepam provide for Li+ accumulation in some of the organs at a higher level attainable by administering lithium chloride alone.

Effect of lithium chloride on the neurosecretory system of the rat hypothalamus.

The response of the hypothalamic-pituitary neurosecretory system (HPNS) of rats to a single and repeated injection (200 mg/kg each time) of lithium chloride was studied by quantitative cytochemical analysis. The response of the HPNS was found to depend directly on the dose of lithium given and to consist of activation of synthesis and liberation of neurosecretion after a single dose of LiCl or inhibition of hormone formation in the hypothalamus and exhaustion of the reserves of neurosecretion in the neurohypophysis after a course of injections. In the recovery period (7--30 days after stopping the course of injections of LiCl) the previous state of the HPNS was gradually restored.

[Toxicity of lithium salts in combined use with neuroleptics].

Experiments on white mice showed that in combined administration of LD16, LD50 or LD84 of aminazin, triphtazine or haloperidol with the same doses of lithium carbonate, chloride or hydroxybutyrate, the lethal dose exceeded the total lethal dose in the event the drugs were administered alone. Non-lethal doses of the lithium salts produced no effect on LD16, LD50 and LD84 of triphtazine and haloperidol, but non-lethal doses of these neuroleptics potentiated the action of lethal doses of the lithium salts. Haloperidol is an exception to the rule since it did not exert such action with respect to lithium chloride.

[Effect of lithium hydroxybutyrate on several heart function indices].

DL50 of intraperitoneal lithium oxybutyrate administered to cats was found to amount to 724 mg/kg, while in doses of 13.5--360 mg/kg it increases the coronary blood flow volume in cats by 20.3--122.

[Effect of lithium chloride on the rat hypothalamus neurosecretory system].

Methods of quantitative cytochemical analysis were applied to the study of the reaction of the hypothalamohypophysial neurosecretory system (HHNS) to single and course administrations of lithium chloride (in doses of 200 mg/kg). Reaction of the HHNS proved to depend directly on the amount of lithium administered and was characteriaed by the activation of the synthesis and elemination of the neurosecretion with a single administration on the preparation, or depression of the hormonopoiesis in the hypothalamus and exhaustion of the neurosecretion stores in the neurohypophysis in its course application. During the restoration (7 to 30 days after stopping the drug administration) the state of the HHNS gradually approached the initial level.

[Pathogenesis of lithium polyuria].

An attempt is made to elucidate the pathogenesis of polyuria arising consequent upon medication of affective states with lithium salts. Experiments conducted with 54 male-rats showed that changes in the neurosecretion of supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis that take place after a course-wise intraperitoneal administration in amounts of 200 mg/kg (2/9DL20) of lithium chloride per 24 hours for a duration of 6 days occur parallel with histochemical changes of renal acid muconpolysaccharides and they accord with the nature of diuresis disorders. By the 5th day of the experiment the compound perverts the antidiuretic effect of a single subcutaneous injection of pituitrin (10 U/kg).

[Role of the kidneys in the pathogenesis of lithium poisoning].

Lithium intoxication was induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of lithium chloride in a daily dose of 200 mg/kg (0.22 LD50) for 6 days. Polyuria connected with pathological changes in the epithelium of the convoluted tubules and depression of the antidiuretic hormone--acid mucopolysaccharides system in the area of the straight kidney tubules was observed on the 6th day of the experiments.

[Influence of the functional state of the endocrine glands on the toxicity and accumulation of lithium in rats].

Hypophysectomy, adrenalectomy, introduction of desoxycorticosterone-acetate (DOCCA) and aldosterone facilitate cummulation of lithium in the organs and plasma of rats subjected to the action of lithium chloride, whereas thyroidectomy, administration of triiodothyronine, hydrocortisone and aldactone fail to influence this process. The toxicity of lithium chloride for animals increases with hypophysectomy and adrenalectomy, remains unchanged with introduction of DOCCA, triiodothyronine and thyroidectomy and subsides under the effect of hydrocortisone.

[Influence of lithium chloride on lipid metabolism].

Lithium chloride was injected subcutaneously to mice (in amounts of 500 and 300 mg/kg) once a day for 10 and 15 days, and to rabbits in single doses via a tube into the stomach (in amounts of 400 and 850 mg/kg). After different time intervals following a single or course-wise administration of the compound the level of total lipids was determined in the muscles and liver of the mice, and of the total lipids, beta-lipoproteins, phospholipids, cholesterol, fatty acids and 11-oxycorticosteroids levels in the blood serum of rabbits and of the bile acids content in the vesical bile of these animals. Hyperlipemia that developed under the effect of lithium was caused by mobilization of fat from fat depots and by deranged interstitial lipids metabolism.