Rapid lung ventilation MRI using parahydrogen-induced polarization of propane gas.

Proton-hyperpolarized contrast agents are attractive because they can be imaged on virtually any clinical MRI scanner, which is typically equipped to scan only protons rather than heteronuclei (, anything besides protons, , C, N, Xe, Na, .). Even though the lifetime of the proton spin hyperpolarization is only a few seconds, it is sufficient for inhalation and scanning of proton-hyperpolarized gas media.

Developing Hyperpolarized Butane Gas for Ventilation Lung Imaging.

NMR hyperpolarization dramatically improves the detection sensitivity of magnetic resonance through the increase in nuclear spin polarization. Because of the sensitivity increase by several orders of magnitude, additional applications have been unlocked, including imaging of gases in physiologically relevant conditions. Hyperpolarized Xe gas recently received FDA approval as the first inhalable gaseous MRI contrast agent for clinical functional lung imaging of a wide range of pulmonary diseases.

Toward Lung Ventilation Imaging Using Hyperpolarized Diethyl Ether Gas Contrast Agent.

Hyperpolarized Xe gas was FDA-approved as an inhalable contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging of a wide range of pulmonary diseases in December 2022. Despite the remarkable success in clinical research settings, the widespread clinical translation of HP Xe gas faces two critical challenges: the high cost of the relatively low-throughput hyperpolarization equipment and the lack of Xe imaging capability on clinical MRI scanners, which have narrow-bandwidth electronics designed only for proton (H) imaging. To solve this translational grand challenge of gaseous hyperpolarized MRI contrast agents, here we demonstrate the utility of batch-mode production of proton-hyperpolarized diethyl ether gas via heterogeneous pairwise addition of parahydrogen to ethyl vinyl ether.

MATRESHCA: Microtesla Apparatus for Transfer of Resonance Enhancement of Spin Hyperpolarization via Chemical Exchange and Addition.

We present an integrated, open-source device for parahydrogen-based hyperpolarization processes in the microtesla field regime with a cost of components of less than $7000. The device is designed to produce a batch of C and N hyperpolarized (HP) compounds via hydrogenative or non-hydrogenative parahydrogen-induced polarization methods that employ microtesla magnetic fields for efficient polarization transfer of parahydrogen-derived spin order to X-nuclei (e.g.

Ultra-Low-Cost Disposable Hand-Held Clinical-Scale Propane Gas Hyperpolarizer for Pulmonary Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sensing.

Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents are revolutionizing the field of biomedical imaging. Hyperpolarized Xe-129 was recently FDA approved as an inhalable MRI contrast agent for functional lung imaging sensing. Despite success in research settings, modern Xe-129 hyperpolarizers are expensive (up to $1M), large, and complex to site and operate.

Nitrogen-15 and Fluorine-19 Relaxation Dynamics and Spin-Relayed SABRE-SHEATH Hyperpolarization of Fluoro-[N]metronidazole.

Efficient N-hyperpolarization of [N]metronidazole was reported previously using the Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange in SHield Enabled Alignment Transfer (SABRE-SHEATH) technique. This hyperpolarized FDA-approved antibiotic is a potential contrast agent because it can be administered in a large dose and because previous studies revealed long-lasting HP states with exponential decay constant values of up to 10 min. Possible hypoxia-sensing applications have been proposed using hyperpolarized [N]metronidazole.

Development of Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of [ N ]Metronidazole: A Clinically Approved Antibiotic.

We report dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (d-DNP) of [ N ]metronidazole ([ N ]MNZ) for the first time. Metronidazole is a clinically approved antibiotic, which can be potentially employed as a hypoxia-sensing molecular probe using N hyperpolarized (HP) nucleus. The DNP process is very efficient for [ N ]MNZ with an exponential build-up constant of 13.

The Measurement of Nanoparticle Concentrations by the Method of Microcavity Mode Broadening Rate.

A measurement system for the detection of a low concentration of nanoparticles based on optical microcavities with whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) is developed and investigated. A novel method based on the WGM broadening allows us to increase the precision of concentration measurements up to 0.005 ppm for nanoparticles of a known size.

Utility and First Clinical Application of Screening Embryos for Polygenic Disease Risk Reduction.

For over 2 decades preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) has been in clinical use to reduce the risk of miscarriage and genetic disease in patients with advanced maternal age and risk of transmitting disease. Recently developed methods of genome-wide genotyping and machine learning algorithms now offer the ability to genotype embryos for polygenic disease risk with accuracy equivalent to adults. In addition, contemporary studies on adults indicate the ability to predict polygenic disorders with risk equivalent to monogenic disorders.

Photon number measurement using heterodyne method for a detector's quantum efficiency determination based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion.

Active development of quantum informational components such as quantum computers and quantum key distribution systems requires parameter characterization of single photon detectors. A key property of the single photon detectors is detection efficiency. One of the methods of the detection efficiency measurement, as listed in the international standard ETSI, is the reference-free twin-photon-based Klyshko method.

Validation of concurrent preimplantation genetic testing for polygenic and monogenic disorders, structural rearrangements, and whole and segmental chromosome aneuploidy with a single universal platform.

Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) has been successfully applied to reduce the risk of miscarriage, improve IVF success rates, and prevent inheritance of monogenic disease and unbalanced translocations. The present study provides the first method capable of simultaneous testing of aneuploidy (PGT-A), structural rearrangements (PGT-SR), and monogenic (PGT-M) disorders using a single platform. Using positive controls to establish performance characteristics, accuracies of 97 to >99% for each type of testing were observed.

Orientational dependencies of dynamics and relaxation of multiple quantum NMR coherences in one-dimensional systems.

Dynamics and relaxation, or decoherence, of multiple quantum (MQ) coherences are investigated experimentally and theoretically for different orientations of a single crystal of fluorapatite with respect to the external magnetic field. Dynamics of MQ coherences is studied as a function of the preparation period of the MQ NMR experiment. Their relaxation, or decoherence, during the evolution period is also investigated.

A high frequency resonance gravity gradiometer.

A new setup OGRAN--the large scale opto-acoustical gravitational detector is described. As distinguished from known gravitational bar detectors it uses the optical interferometrical readout for registering weak variations of gravity gradient at the kilohetz frequency region. At room temperature, its sensitivity is limited only by the bar Brownian noise at the bandwidth close to 100 Hz.

Contribution of splanchnic and musculocutaneous vascular compartments to the formation of blood flow volume in the vena cava posterior during catecholamine treatment.

Studies by electromagnetic flowmetry in acute experiments on cats under conditions of the open thoracic cage and artificial ventilation of the lungs showed that 64% of venous return via the vena cava posterior was realized at the expense of the splanchnic and 36% due to the musculocutaneous vessels (abdominal basin of the caudal vein). Epinephrine (20 μg/kg) increased the contribution of the splanchnic venous blood flow to the increase in the blood flow in the vena cava posterior and reduced the contribution of the musculocutaneous veins throughout the entire duration of systemic reactions: 84% of the blood flow increase in the vena cava posterior was due to the splanchnic and just 16% due to the musculocutaneous blood flow. Norepinephrine (10 μg/kg) resulted in a phase-wise involvement of the studied compartments in blood flow increase in the vena cava posterior.

[Venous return in systemic haemodynamics].

The paper generalizes unclear problems of venous return to the heart under different conditions. Data are presented on the venous return/cardiac output ratio, general peripheral resistance, arterial pressure and vascular bed capacity. A concept of double wave nature of formation of the circulation pressor systemic responses is advanced.

[The role of hypoxia-inducible factor family (HIF) proteins in the regulation of cells physiologic responses to hypoxia].

The review is devoted to the role of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) in the regulation of oxygen-dependent gene signalling. Structural features of HIF alpha and beta subunits as well as involvement of hydroxylation in the regulation of HIF stability and activity are described. Special attention is given to the role of phosphorylation and other post-translational modifications in the regulation of HIF expression and activity.

[Haemodynamic structure of the venous return changes in action of pressor neurogenic and humoral stimuli upon the circulation system].

In cats, constancy of blood flow changes was found in the anterior vena cava under the effect of pressor neurogenic and humoral stimuli. The latter proved to be more efficient in their effect. In the pressor systemic responses, changes of the blood flow in the anterior vena cava yielded the greates contribution.

Changes in the resistance in brachiocephalic artery and thoracic aorta basins during depressor reactions of the circulatory system.

Acute experiments on narcotized cats with depressor shifts in the circulatory system induced by acetylcholine and histamine revealed more pronounced decrease in vascular resistance in the brachiocephalic artery in comparison with the thoracic aorta basin. Cardiac output was redistributed between these vascular basins: the bloodflow increased in the brachiocephalic artery and decreased in the thoracic aorta. Hemodynamic shifts in the arterial compartment of the vascular system are presumably essential for changes in the bloodflow in venae cavae.

Role of vascular system adrenoceptors in formation of venous return.

In experiments on cats electromagnetic flowmetry showed that contribution of the blood flow in the anterior and posterior cava venae to the formation of venous return during stimulation of adrenoceptors with catecholamines is determined by the dynamics of systemic pressor reactions. At the moment of maximum elevation of blood pressure, the major role is played by blood flow changes in the anterior vena cava, while the posterior vena cave plays the predominant role during the period of maximum venous return. Under the action of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockers, venous return is predominantly formed by the blood flow in the posterior vena cava independently on the dynamics of systemic depressor reactions.

[Changes in the major circulation vessel capacity and their role in forming the venous return shifts under the effect of catecholamines].

The study relates to characteristics of the major circulation vessel capacity and their part in forming the venous return shifts under the effect of catecholamines. In anesthetized cats, using the developed technique of controlled experiment enabling to stabilize the blood flow in the circulation arterial segment, fulfilling of pressor responses to i. v.

[Participation of the cava vein blood flow in forming the total venous return under influence of different modality stimuli on the circulation system].

Participation of the anterior and posterior veins cava in forming the total venous return under pressor and depressor effects, stimulation of depressing foci of the medulla's ventral part, enhancement of pulmonary ventilation, hypoxia, hypothermia, administration of acetylcholine, histamine, corinfar, was shown to depend on the blood flow shift direction in each of the veins cava, dynamics of shifts' development in time, and intensity of the stimulus. In systemic responses, the blood flow shifts in the vena cava anterior much contribute to the total venous return at the maximum of the systemic arterial pressure rise (r = 0.87) whereas contribution of the vena cava posterior is the greatest during a later occurring increase in the venous return (r = 0.

[Comparative characteristics of systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics during changes in the heart preloading].

A greater degree of relative shifts in the systemic arterial pressure in enhancing the right heart pre-load as compared with its diminishing. A primary role of the compensation mechanisms of the enhanced systemic arterial pressure level. The main role in the compensation of integral shifts of the arterial pressure induced by changes in the heart pre-load was shown to belong to the vascular resistance both in the major and the minor circulation circles.

Stray field nuclear magnetic resonance of soil water: development of a new, large probe and preliminary results.

Development, characterization, and preliminary results of a recent technique capable of local measurements of pore-size distribution by a spatially resolved low resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique are described. Potential environmental uses include studying the change in pore-size distribution caused by surface compaction, which influences surface runoff, and obtaining information on the physical state of non-aqueous compounds in porous materials, which should aid the selection of appropriate soil remediation methods. Stray field (STRAFI) imaging is an NMR technique that allows distortion-free imaging of materials with short NMR relaxation times.

[Hemodynamic mechanisms of blood flow regulation in the vena cava anterior].

A similarity of the blood flow shifts in response to every single pressor or depressor stimulus in the v. cava anterior in cats and a possibility of dissimilar changes of capacity of the vein's vascular basin under the effect of one and the same stimulus, are revealed. This dissimilarity is mainly due to a skin-muscular component of this vascular basin.