Electroencephalographic Patterns on Follow-Up Visits in Extremely Premature Infants With Periventricular Leukomalacia: An Observational Study.

Background: Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a common brain injury in premature infants, and epilepsy remains a significant complication. One concerning electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern found is developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep (DEE-SWAS). This pattern is associated with persistent neuropsychological and motor deficits, even without a diagnosis of epilepsy.