Identification and Elimination of Antifungal Tolerance in .

Antimicrobial resistance is a global health crisis to which pathogenic fungi make a substantial contribution. The human fungal pathogen is of particular concern due to its rapid spread across the world and its evolution of multidrug resistance. Fluconazole failure in has been recently attributed to antifungal "tolerance".

Does transcriptional heterogeneity facilitate the development of genetic drug resistance?

Non-genetic forms of antimicrobial (drug) resistance can result from cell-to-cell variability that is not encoded in the genetic material. Data from recent studies also suggest that non-genetic mechanisms can facilitate the development of genetic drug resistance. We speculate on how the interplay between non-genetic and genetic mechanisms may affect microbial adaptation and evolution during drug treatment.

Toxicity effects of AgZnO nanoparticles and rifampicin on Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the macrophage.

The World Health Organization acknowledges tuberculosis as a global threat. Tuberculosis infection is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Nanotechnology and microbiology researchers are looking for new and safe nano drugs for eliminating Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis.

Probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum and bifidobacterium B94: cognitive function in demyelinated model.

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the immune system that creates damage of Learning and memory in that. Using probiotic supplements is recommended for preventing MS disease and improving memory. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and bifidobacterium B94 (BB94), on acquisition phase of spatial memory in the local demyelination of rats` hippocampus.