Cognitive Assessment of Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis in the Arab World: a Systematic Review.

The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) is on the rise globally, and recent epidemiological studies have observed increased rates in the Arab world (i.e., countries of North Africa and the Middle East where Arabic is the primary language).

Depressive symptoms and fatigue as predictors of objective-subjective discrepancies in cognitive function in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To examine the degree to which depressive symptoms and fatigue in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) are associated with discrepancies between subjective and objective cognitive impairment.

Methods: Ninety-nine adults with MS who were receiving care in a university-affiliated MS center completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), MS Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire (MSNQ), and Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS). Participants were classified as "Accurates," "Underestimators," or "Overestimators" based on discrepancies between their MSNQ (subjective) and BICAMS (objective) scores.