Soy phytoestrogens modify DNA methylation of GSTP1, RASSF1A, EPH2 and BRCA1 promoter in prostate cancer cells.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of soy phytoestrogens on the methylation of promoter genes in prostate tumors. The incidence of prostate cancer in Asia is thirty percent lower than in Western countries. Since soy phytoestrogens represent a large portion of the Asian diet, evidence suggests their protective effect against prostate cancer.

Transcriptional profiling of breast cancer cells exposed to soy phytoestrogens after BRCA1 knockdown with a whole human genome microarray approach.

The estrogen-like properties of the soy phytoestrogens could modulate the estrogen-dependent expression of BRCA1 oncosuppressor, which is highly involved in hereditary and sporadic breast cancer. In order to better understand the importance of BRCA1 function and the role of other genes involved around BRCA1 in the phytoestrogen pathways, we have exploited the BRCA1-specific knockdown by RNA interference using double stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA) in breast tumor cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) and a fibrokystic breast cell line (MCF-10a) and treated with 18.5 microM genistein or 78.

Gene expression profiling of breast cancer cell lines in response to soy isoflavones using a pangenomic microarray approach.

Although the rate of breast cancer differs between women in Asian and Western countries, molecular genetics/genomics basis of this epidemiological observation remains elusive. Moreover, the intake of phytoestrogens is associated with a lower incidence of breast cancer. Genistein and daidzein are the primary soy isoflavones with a chemical structure similar to estrogens.

Phytoestrogens regulate the expression of genes involved in different biological processes in BRCA2 knocked down MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-10a cell lines.

Breast cancer is a public health problem in the Western countries. Several studies have shown that BRCA2, like BRCA1 oncosuppressors, are strongly involved in hereditary and sporadic mammary carcinogenesis. It has also been suggested that soy has a protective effect against breast cancer in Asia and, more particularly, phytoestrogens such as daidzein and genistein.

Evaluation of breast cancer risk in a multigenic model including low penetrance genes involved in xenobiotic and estrogen metabolisms.

Breast cancer has become the most frequent cancer among women in Westernized countries. The majority of breast cancers are due to low penetrance genes, which can act with environmental factors, particularly nutrition. Polymorphisms in gene coding for xenobiotic and estrogen metabolic pathways could increase individual cancer susceptibility and lead to the indication of individuals at higher cancer risk.

Genistein and daidzein act on a panel of genes implicated in cell cycle and angiogenesis by polymerase chain reaction arrays in human prostate cancer cell lines.

Background: The prostate cancer most frequently affects men. The ethnic origin and family antecedents of prostate cancer are established as risk factors. The genetic factors associated with environmental factors such as the nutrition also play a role in the development of the cancer.

Central adiposity as a major risk factor of ovarian cancer.

The identification of risk factors for ovarian cancer is crucial in prevention of the disease. This pathology is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of factors influencing hormonal levels such as body mass index (BMI), BMI at age 20, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), oral contraceptive (OC) use, and risk of ovarian cancer.

Gene signature of rat mammary glands: Influence of lifelong soy isoflavones consumption.

Epidemiological studies have indicated that phytoestrogen has a preventive effect on breast cancer development. However, controversial results have been reported suggesting these compounds have ambivalent effects on breast tissue. Here, we report a transgenerational study conducted on female Wistar rats fed a diet enriched with phytoestrogen.

Methylation analysis of BRCA1, RASSF1, GSTP1 and EPHB2 promoters in prostate biopsies according to different degrees of malignancy.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. CpG island methylation causes gene silencing and could be decisive in prostate carcinogenesis and progression. Its role was investigated at multiple gene sites during prostate carcinogenesis.

Genetic polymorphisms in CYP1A1, CYP1B1, COMT, GSTP1 and NAT2 genes and association with bladder cancer risk in a French cohort.

Unlabelled: Tobacco smoking and environmental exposures are the main known risk factors for bladder cancer (BC) via exposure to chemical carcinogens. Genetic differences in the metabolism of chemicals have been suggested to be associated with individual susceptibility to BC. Polymorphisms in genes coding to metabolising enzymes, resulting in variation of carcinogen detoxification efficiency, may therefore change the response of individuals to chemical carcinogens and be associated with an increased BC risk.

Expression analyses of nuclear receptor genes in breast cancer cell lines exposed to soy phytoestrogens after BRCA2 knockdown by TaqMan Low-Density Array (TLDA).

Background: Most of breast cancers are considered sporadic and modulation of the two major genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 expressions caused by tissue-specific somatic mutations lead to this pathology. The nutritional intake of phytoestrogens seems to reduce the risk of breast cancer and investigation of their potential as anticancer agents has increased. However, the possible mechanisms and signalling pathways of phytoestrogen action in breast cancer prevention remains unknown.

Immunohistochemical staining of mucin 1 in prostate tissues.

Unlabelled: Prostate cancer is a major public health problem in the world. Molecular studies are necessary for the development of prognostic markers in prostate cancer. There is a great interest in mucin studies in treatment development of human malignancies, including prostate cancer.

Association between genetic polymorphisms and ovarian cancer risk.

Background: The etiology of ovarian cancer is not fully understood. Polymorphisms in low penetrance genes involved in carcinogen and estrogen metabolism are hypothesized to play a role in the initiation of carcinogenesis.

Patients And Methods: A case-control study was conducted to investigate the role of these polymorphisms in ovarian cancer risk.

DNA repair gene ERCC2, XPC, XRCC1, XRCC3 polymorphisms and associations with bladder cancer risk in a French cohort.

In polygenic diseases, association studies look for genetic variation such as polymorphisms in low penetrance genes, i.e. genes in interaction with environmental factors.

DNA repair gene ERCC2 polymorphisms and associations with breast and ovarian cancer risk.

Breast and ovarian cancers increased in the last decades. Except rare cases with a genetic predisposition and high penetrance, these pathologies are viewed as a polygenic disease. In this concept, association studies look for genetic variations such as polymorphisms in low penetrance genes, i.

Risk factors for early age at breast cancer onset--the "COSA program" population-based study.

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women in western countries. A number of risk factors are now known, but the etiology of the disease is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of reproductive, anthropometric and environmental factors on cancer onset.

Immunohistochemical expression of RARalpha, RARbeta, and Cx43 in breast tumor cell lines after treatment with lycopene and correlation with RT-QPCR.

Lycopene, the major carotenoid found in tomatoes, is a potent antioxidant associated with the prevention of degenerative diseases such as breast cancer. This effect could be due to the interaction between lycopene and retinoic acid receptors as well as the stimulation of gap junction communication and synthesis of connexin 43. The expression of the RARalpha, RARbeta, and Cx43 proteins was analyzed using immunohistochemistry in two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, and in a fibrocystic dystrophy cell line, MCF-10a, after a 48-hr exposure to 10 microM lycopene.

Expression profiling by whole-genome microarray hybridization reveals differential gene expression in breast cancer cell lines after lycopene exposure.

The correlation between diet and variation in gene-expression is an important field which could be considered to approach cancer pathways comprehension. We examined the effects of lycopene on breast cancer cell lines using pangenomic arrays. Lycopene is derived predominantly from tomatoes and tomato products and there is some epidemiologic evidence for a preventive role in breast cancer.

Gene signature of breast cancer cell lines treated with lycopene.

Among the micronutrients studied in relation between nutrition and cancer, lycopene appears to be a breast cancer preventive phytochemical candidate found in raw tomatoes and tomato-derived products. In order to investigate the responsiveness of breast cancer genes to lycopene and to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of lycopene, we used an oligonucleotide microarray approach. Human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and a fibrocystic breast cell line (MCF-10a) were either exposed or not exposed to 10 microM lycopene for 48 h.

Gene Expression in Human Acute Cutaneous and Hepatic Graft--Host Disease after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation.

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) allograft can be performed with cells of peripheral or medullar origin. Currently, it is the best therapy for certain malignant diseases. The curative power of allografts is based on conditioning and on the graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect.