Sequences at gene segment termini inclusive of untranslated regions and partial open reading frames play a critical role in mammalian orthoreovirus S gene packaging.

Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) is a prototypic member of the Spinareoviridae family and has ten double-stranded RNA segments. One copy of each segment must be faithfully packaged into the mature virion, and prior literature suggests that nucleotides (nts) at the terminal ends of each gene likely facilitate their packaging. However, little is known about the precise packaging sequences required or how the packaging process is coordinated.

Sequences at gene segment termini inclusive of untranslated regions and partial open reading frames play a critical role in mammalian orthoreovirus S gene packaging.

Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) is a prototypic member of the family and has ten double-stranded RNA segments. One copy of each segment must be faithfully packaged into the mature virion, and prior literature suggests that nucleotides (nts) at the terminal ends of each gene likely facilitate their packaging. However, little is known about the precise packaging sequences required or how the packaging process is coordinated.

Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor type II interacts and functionally cooperates with GATA4 to regulate anti-Müllerian hormone receptor type 2 transcription in mouse MA-10 Leydig cells.

Background: Leydig cells produce testosterone and insulin-like 3, two hormones essential for male sex differentiation and reproductive function. The orphan nuclear receptor, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor type II (COUP-TFII), and the zinc finger factor GATA4 are two transcription factors involved in Leydig cell differentiation, gene expression, and function.

Objectives: Several Leydig cell gene promoters contain binding motifs for both GATA factors and nuclear receptors.

Growth Hormone-induced STAT5B Regulates Star Gene Expression Through a Cooperation With cJUN in Mouse MA-10 Leydig Cells.

Leydig cells produce androgens that are essential for male sex differentiation and reproductive function. Leydig cell function is regulated by several hormones and signaling molecules, including growth hormone (GH). Although GH is known to upregulate Star gene expression in Leydig cells, its molecular mechanism of action remains unknown.

Identification of novel genes and pathways regulated by the orphan nuclear receptor COUP-TFII in mouse MA-10 Leydig cells†.

In males, Leydig cells are the main producers of testosterone and insulin-like 3 (INSL3), two hormones essential for sex differentiation and reproductive functions. Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factors I (COUP-TFI/NR2F1) and COUP-TFII (NR2F2) belong to the steroid/thyroid hormone nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors. In the testis, COUP-TFII is expressed and plays a role in the differentiation of cells committed to give rise to fully functional steroidogenic adult Leydig cells.

The Nuclear Receptor COUP-TFII Regulates Gene Transcription via a GC-Rich Promoter Element in Mouse Leydig Cells.

The nuclear receptor chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor type II (COUP-TFII)/NR2F2 is expressed in adult Leydig cells, and conditional deletion of the / gene impedes their differentiation. Steroid production is also reduced in COUP-TFII-depleted Leydig cells, supporting an additional role in steroidogenesis for this transcription factor. COUP-TFII action in Leydig cells remains to be fully characterized.

Live-cell imaging of Pol II promoter activity to monitor gene expression with RNA IMAGEtag reporters.

We describe a ribonucleic acid (RNA) reporter system for live-cell imaging of gene expression to detect changes in polymerase II activity on individual promoters in individual cells. The reporters use strings of RNA aptamers that constitute IMAGEtags (Intracellular MultiAptamer GEnetic tags) that can be expressed from a promoter of choice. For imaging, the cells are incubated with their ligands that are separately conjugated with one of the FRET pair, Cy3 and Cy5.

New effective inhibitors of the Abelson kinase.

The effects of substituents on the aryl ring were studied by the preparation and testing of several PD173955 analogs. Inserting a single carbon atom into the C-N bond in the aniline subunit (PDC) reduced the kinase inhibition by a factor of 200. Despite its decreased affinity for Abl compared with PD173955, PDC exhibits a Ki very similar to that reported for Imatinib.