Recent advances in chiral selectors immobilization and chiral mobile phase additives in liquid chromatographic enantio-separations: A review.

For decades now, the separation of chiral enantiomers of drugs has been gaining the interest and attention of researchers. In 1991, the first guidelines for development of chiral drugs were firstly released by the US-FDA. Since then, the development in chromatographic enantioseparation tools has been fast and variable, aiming at creating a suitable environment where the physically and chemically identical enantiomers can be separated.

UHPLC Enantiomer Resolution for the ɑ/β-Adrenoceptor Antagonist -Carvedilol and Its Major Active Metabolites on Chiralpak IB N-5.

Carvedilol (CAR), a racemic lipophilic aryloxy propanolamine, acts as a selective α-adrenoreceptor antagonist and a nonselective β-adrenoreceptor antagonist. CAR metabolism mainly produces three active metabolites: desmethyl carvedilol (DMC), 4'-hydroxy carvedilol (4'OHC) and 5'-hydroxy carvedilol (5'OHC). The oxidative -(-)-metabolites contribute to the β-antagonistic effect, yet not to the α-antagonistic effect to be observed after drug dosage.

Comprehensive modeling of mat density effect on duckweed (Lemna minor) growth under controlled eutrophication.

The effect of mat density on duckweed (Lemna minor) growth was studied under controlled conditions: 12.5h a day light exposure and 342 mol m(-2) s(-1) light intensity at 20 degrees C. The plant growth was carried out in Hoagland medium for 7 days without harvesting.