Cytochrome C as a potential clinical marker for diagnosis and treatment of glioma.

Gliomas are the most prevalent kind of malignant and severe brain cancer. Apoptosis regulating mechanisms are disturbed in malignant gliomas, as they are in added forms of malignancy. Understanding apoptosis and other associated processes are thought to be critical for understanding the origins of malignant tumors and designing anti-cancerous drugs for the treatment.

Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reveal Galectin-3 Binding Protein as Potential Biomarker for Early Detection of Glioma.

Gliomas are the most common type of the malignant brain tumor, which arise from glial cells. They make up about 40% of all primary brain tumors and around 70% of all primary malignant brain tumors. They can occur anywhere in the central nervous system (CNS) and have a poor prognosis.

Exploring the role of epidermal growth factor receptor variant III in meningeal tumors.

Meningioma is the second most common type of intracranial brain tumor. Immunohistochemical techniques have shown prodigious results in the role of epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFR vIII) in glioma and other cancers. However, the role of EGFR vIII in meningioma is still in question.

Primary pineal malignant melanoma - illustrated review.

Aim: Primary pineal melanoma is a rare tumor. We herein review the histogenesis, pathology, radiology and therapeutic options of this rare tumor.

Material And Methods: We conducted a PUBMED search using a combination of keywords such as "primary pineal melanoma", "CNS melanoma", and "pineal tumor" and identified 16 cases of primary pineal melanoma.

Bilateral acute foot drop following lumbar disc herniation--a case report.

Cauda equina compression and acute unilateral foot drop are commonly described associations with prolapsed intervertebral lumbar disc. The bilateral acute foot drop however is a rare occurrence. A 45-year-old adult male labourer presented with 1 month history of low backache, with acute exacerbation 1 day later.

Management of multiple tethering in spinal dysraphism.

Introduction: The most challenging component of spinal dysraphism is cord tethering. Tethering can occur due to single or multiple lesions within the same patient. It is imperative to aggressively identify and release all the tethering lesions in order to provide maximum benefit to the patient.

Primary midbrain germinoma.

An 11-year-old boy presented with a 4-month history of progressive holocranial headache, intermittent vomiting and visual blurring. Later, he began walking unsteadily, with progressive bilateral visual and hearing loss. He had had two episodes of abnormal tonic posturing the day prior to admission.

Craniovertebral junction anomaly with atlas assimilation and reducible atlantoaxial dislocation: a rare constellation of bony abnormalities.

A rare case of craniovertebral junction anomaly with associated reducible C(1)-C(2) dislocation and assimilation of the atlas is reported. The patient presented with neck pain with spastic quadriparesis. A posterior stabilization utilizing a contour rod, sublaminar wire fixation and onlay bone grafts between the occiput, and C(3) and C(4) vertebrae was performed followed by symptomatic improvement.

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms: an institutional experience.

Introduction: Intracranial aneurysms are extremely uncommon in the pediatric population. Their epidemiology is poorly understood, and certain features make them unique. In our study we analyzed pediatric intracranial aneurysm patients to gain an insight into the epidemiology, clinicoradiological profile and outcome.

Tubercular atlantoaxial dislocation in children: an institutional experience.

Object: In this paper the authors analyzed the clinical and imaging-documented profile of pediatric patients with tubercular atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD).

Methods: Seventeen children 16 years of age or younger with tubercular AAD were included in the study. Patients with reducible AAD underwent direct posterior stabilization.

Intraventricular neurocysticercus cyst(s) in Indian children.

Eleven cases of intraventricular neurocysticercosis were managed over a 10-year period. All patients presented with features of hydrocephalus. In 9 cases the cysts were blocking the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathway resulting in hydrocephalus.

Hemangiopericytoma of thoracic spine: a rare bony tumor.

Case Report: We report the case of a 16-year-old girl who developed hemangiopericytoma of the thoracic spine; the main clinical symptoms were of spastic paraparesis with sensory involvement and uro-fecal incontinence. She was initially put on antitubercular treatment keeping in mind the endemicity of tuberculosis in the region. When she deteriorated on conservative management, she was operated upon, and the histopathological report was suggestive of hemangiopericytoma.

Lhermitte-Duclos disease.

Background: Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD; dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum) is a rare hamartoma of the cerebellum. It was first described by Lhermitte and Duclos in 1920 as "Sur un ganglioneurome diffus du cortex du cervelet" (Lhermitte and Duclos [Bull Assoc Fr Etude Cancer 9:99-107, 1920]). Since then, due to its rarity and the variability of its presentation, the diagnosis is often missed.