Unstable osteochondral fragment of the lateral femoral condyle containing the popliteus tendon origin. Report of three cases.

We report a series of three cases of unusual locations of chronic osteochondral fragments arising from the posterolateral aspect of the lateral femoral condyle, presenting acutely in young adults, in which the unstable fragment contained the origin of the popliteus tendon, with MRI and arthroscopic correlation. Although atypical, we hypothesize that these cases represent adult osteochondritis dissecans with extension to a popliteus tendon origin. Preoperative diagnosis of popliteus tendon involvement may influence clinical management in patients with an unstable osteochondral fragment in this location.

Evaluation of the mitral and aortic valves with cardiac CT angiography.

Cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CTA) using multidetector computed tomographic scanners has proven to be a reliable technique to image the coronary vessels. CTA also provides excellent visualization of the mitral and aortic valves, and yields useful information regarding valve anatomy and function. Accordingly, an assessment of the valves should be performed whenever possible during CTA interpretation.

Tracer coupling patterns of the ganglion cell subtypes in the mouse retina.

It is now clear that electrical coupling via gap junctions is prevalent across the retina, expressed by each of the five main neuronal types. With the introduction of mutants in which selective gap junction connexins are deleted, the mouse has recently become an important model for studying the function of coupling between retinal neurons. In this study we examined the tracer-coupling pattern of ganglion cells by injecting them with the gap junction-permanent tracer Neurobiotin to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive survey of ganglion cell coupling in the wildtype mouse retina.