Comparative effectiveness of an individualized model of hemodialysis vs conventional hemodialysis: a study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial (the TwoPlus trial).

Background: Most patients starting chronic in-center hemodialysis (HD) receive conventional hemodialysis (CHD) with three sessions per week targeting specific biochemical clearance. Observational studies suggest that patients with residual kidney function can safely be treated with incremental prescriptions of HD, starting with less frequent sessions and later adjusting to thrice-weekly HD. This trial aims to show objectively that clinically matched incremental HD (CMIHD) is non-inferior to CHD in eligible patients.

Kidney Care in Times of Crises: A Review.

The global burden of kidney disease is increasing, paralleled by a rising number of natural and man-made crises. During these tumultuous times, accessing vital health care resources becomes challenging, posing significant risks to individuals, particularly those with kidney disease. This review delves into the impact of crises on kidney disease, with a particular focus on acute kidney injury (AKI), kidney failure, and kidney transplant.

Complications Associated with Continuous RRT.

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a form of renal replacement therapy that is used in modern intensive care units (ICUs) to help manage acute kidney injury (AKI), end stage kidney disease (ESKD), poisonings, and some electrolyte disorders. CRRT has transformed the care of patients in the ICU over the past several decades. In this setting, it is important to recognize CRRT-associated complications but also up-to-date management of these complications.

Determinants of Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury: Clinical Predictors and Beyond.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical syndrome characterized by rapid impairment of kidney function. The incidence of AKI and its severe form AKI requiring dialysis (AKI-D) has been increasing over the years. AKI etiology may be multifactorial and is substantially associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

Predictors and Outcomes of Post-Hospitalization Dialysis Dependent Acute Kidney Injury.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of hospitalized patients and is associated with poor outcomes. Hospitalized patients with AKI may need prolonged dialysis, necessitating post-hospitalization dialysis (PHD-AKI). Scarce information is available to stratify the risks and predict outcomes.

The seroepidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b prior to introduction of an immunization programme in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is now recognized as an important pathogen in Asia. To evaluate disease susceptibility, and as a marker of Hib transmission before routine immunization was introduced in Kathmandu, 71 participants aged 7 months-77 years were recruited and 15 cord blood samples were collected for analysis of anti-polyribosylribitol phosphate antibody levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Only 20% of children under 5 years old had levels considered protective (>0.

Bloodstream infection among children presenting to a general hospital outpatient clinic in urban Nepal.

Background: There are limited data on the etiology and characteristics of bloodstream infections in children presenting in hospital outpatient settings in South Asia. Previous studies in Nepal have highlighted the importance of murine typhus as a cause of febrile illness in adults and enteric fever as a leading bacterial cause of fever among children admitted to hospital.

Methods: We prospectively studied a total of 1084 febrile children aged between 2 months and 14 years presenting to a general hospital outpatient department in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, over two study periods (summer and winter).