Effects on shear bond strength and the enamel surface with an enamel bonding agent.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets and the effect of an enamel bonding agent (EBA) on enamel surface after debonding.

Methods: Seventy-five extracted maxillary premolars were collected and randomly divided into 3 groups of 25. The enamel cracks were surveyed with a stereomicroscope.

A new premixed self-etch adhesive for bonding orthodontic brackets.

Objective: To determine if a new premixed self-etch adhesive can be used to successfully bond orthodontic brackets to enamel.

Materials And Methods: Forty human molars were cleaned, mounted, and randomly divided into two groups. In group 1, 20 teeth were conditioned using the self-etching primer Transbond Plus (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif).

Enamel cracks and ceramic bracket failure during debonding in vitro.

Objective: To test the null hypothesis that no difference in bracket failure characteristics is noted when use of a new ceramic bracket debonding instrument is compared with the use of conventional pliers.

Materials And Methods: Thirty maxillary premolars were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In group 1, Clarity collapsible ceramic brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) were debonded with the use of conventional Utility/Weingart (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) pliers.

Effect of self-etchant pH on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

Introduction: Self-etching primers (SEPs) have been used successfully during bonding to reduce technique sensitivity while minimizing the etching of enamel. Although serving the same purpose, SEPs differ in acidity and aggressiveness. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the pH of SEPs affects the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

Relative esthetic importance of orthodontic and color abnormalities.

Objective: To assess the relative importance of an orthodontic esthetic index, dental fluorosis and nonfluoride opacities, with respect to parents' satisfaction with their children's dental esthetics.

Materials And Methods: Dental examinations of Iowa Fluoride Study participants assessed fluorosis and nonfluoride opacities in the mixed dentition. Dental casts of 200 randomly selected subjects were scored using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) criteria.

Shear bond strength of a new high fluoride release glass ionomer adhesive.

Objective: To determine the shear bond strength of a new resin glass ionomer adhesive with higher fluoride release properties when bonding orthodontic brackets.

Materials And Methods: Sixty freshly extracted human molars were collected and stored in a solution of 0.1% (weight/volume) thymol.

Effects of buccal shields on mandibular dental arch parameters: a clinical and cephalometric study.

The lip bumper is a vestibular functional appliance designed to extend bilaterally between the mandibular buccal tubes and contact the inner surface of the lower lip and cheeks. It functions to eliminate the pressure on the incisors, canines, and premolars, and to transmit distally directed forces to the molars. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of the buccal shield modification of the lip bumper design on various mandibular dental arch parameters, as well as on the inclination of the mandibular incisors.

Influence of self-etchant application time on bracket shear bond strength.

Objective: To determine the influence of self-etching primer (SEP) application time on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

Materials And Methods: Forty human molars were cleaned, mounted, and randomly divided into two groups. The same SEP, adhesive, and brackets were used in both groups.

A self-conditioner for resin-modified glass ionomers in bonding orthodontic brackets.

Objective: To evaluate a new self-etch conditioner used with resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGIs) in bonding orthodontic brackets.

Materials And Methods: Sixty human molars were cleaned, mounted, and randomly divided into three groups. In group 1 (control), 20 orthodontic brackets were bonded to teeth using Transbond Plus Self-etching Primer; in group 2, 20 brackets were bonded using an RMGI with a 10% polyacrylic acid conditioner.

The effect of modifying the self-etchant bonding protocol on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

Objective: To compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets when the self-etching primer (SEP) and the bracket adhesive are light cured either separately or simultaneously.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-five human molars were randomly divided into five equal groups. Brackets precoated with Transbond XT composite adhesive were used.

Evaluation of a new nano-filled restorative material for bonding orthodontic brackets.

Aim: To compare the shear bond strength of a nano-hybrid restorative material, Grandio (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany), to that of a traditional adhesive material (Transbond XT; 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) when bonding orthodontic brackets.

Material And Methods: Forty teeth were randomly divided into 2 groups: 20 teeth were bonded with the Transbond adhesive system and the other 20 teeth with the Grandio restorative system, following manufacturer's instructions. Student t test was used to compare the shear bond strength of the 2 systems.

Shear bond strength comparison of two adhesive systems following thermocycling. A new self-etch primer and a resin-modified glass ionomer.

Objective: To compare the effects of a standardized thermocycling protocol on the shear bond strength (SBS) of two adhesive systems: a resin-modified glass ionomer and a composite resin used with a new self-etching primer.

Materials And Methods: Forty human molars were cleaned, mounted, and randomly divided into two groups. In group 1, brackets were bonded to the teeth using Fuji Ortho LC adhesive, and in group 2, the Transbond Plus system was used.

An evaluation of buccal shield treatment. A clinical and cephalometric study.

Objective: To evaluate the short-term effects of the buccal shield modification of the lip-bumper design and on various mandibular dental arch parameters and to determine whether the changes in arch widths are due to the tipping or bodily movements of the teeth involved.

Materials And Methods: This study included 45 consecutively treated patients (29 girls and 16 boys) from a private orthodontic practice. Student's and paired t-tests were used to test the null hypothesis of no change over time for the various measurements.

Changes in the prevalence of nonnutritive sucking patterns in the first 8 years of life.

Introduction: The purposes of the study were to determine prospectively the duration of nonnutritive sucking behaviors of children between 1 and 8 years of age and the effect of persistent habits on selected occlusal characteristics in the late deciduous dentition.

Methods: Sucking behavior data were initially collected from 797 children who were followed longitudinally from birth; the data came from periodic questionnaires completed by the parents. In addition, study models were obtained for 372 children at 4 to 5 years of age and assessed for posterior crossbite, anterior open bite, and overjet.

Early shear bond strength of a one-step self-adhesive on orthodontic brackets.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a self-adhesive universal cement, RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany), can be used successfully to bond orthodontic brackets to enamel.

Materials And Methods: Forty human molars were cleaned, mounted, and randomly divided into two groups: 20 orthodontic brackets were bonded to teeth using RelyX Unicem, and 20 brackets were bonded using the Transbond XT (3M Unitex, Monrovia, Calif) adhesive system. The teeth were debonded within 30 minutes after initial bonding using a universal testing machine.

Individual variation in tooth-size/ arch-length changes from the primary to permanent dentitions.

Aim: To determine the individual variation in the maxillary and mandibular tooth-size/arch-length relationships after the complete eruption of the primary dentition (mean age, 4.0 years) and at the time of eruption of the second permanent molars (mean age, 13.3 years).

Fluoride release rate from an orthodontic sealant and its clinical implications.

The objectives were to measure the rate and amount of fluoride ions released from the sealant over a period of 17 weeks and to determine whether the fluoride-releasing sealant has a recharging ability when fluoride ions are reintroduced into the environment. Disc-shaped specimens were prepared from two types of sealants: (1) 10 discs were made using a fluoride-releasing sealant and (2) 10 discs were made of a nonfluoride adhesive primer (control). An ion analyzer was used to measure the fluoride release using a fluoride ion-specific combination electrode.

Effects of nonnutritive sucking habits on occlusal characteristics in the mixed dentition.

Purpose: Little is known about the extent to which nonnutritive sucking habits contribute to malocclusion in the mixed dentition. The purpose of this study was to report on the relationship between certain occlusal traits in the mixed dentition and longitudinal sucking behaviors.

Methods: Dental examinations were conducted on 630 children in the mixed dentition who participated in a large, ongoing longitudinal study.

Comparison of shear bond strength of two self-etch primer/adhesive systems.

Orthodontic brackets adhesive systems use three different agents, an enamel conditioner, a primer solution, and an adhesive resin. A unique characteristic of some new bonding systems is that they combine the conditioning, priming, and adhesive agents into a single application. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the effects of using one-step and two-step self-etch primer/adhesive systems on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

Waterline disinfectant effect on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of an iodine compound for disinfecting the waterlines in dental units has an effect on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel. Forty molar teeth were divided randomly into two groups- group 1 control: twenty teeth were etched for 15 seconds with 35% phosphoric acid, washed with a distilled water spray for 10 seconds, stored in distilled water for 5 minutes, dried to a chalky white appearance, and the sealant applied to the etched surface; group 2 experimental: twenty teeth were etched for 15 seconds with 35% phosphoric acid and washed for 10 seconds with water containing iodine. The teeth were stored for five minutes in the iodinated water, dried to a chalky white appearance, and the sealant applied to the etched surface as in the control group.

The effect of tooth bleaching on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of enamel bleaching on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with a composite adhesive.

Methods: Two protocols were used on 60 human molars. In the at-home bleaching group (n = 30), Opalescence bleaching agent (Ultradent, South Jordan, Utah), which contains 10% carbamide peroxide, was brushed onto the teeth daily for 14 days and left for 6 hours each day.

The effect of porcelain surface conditioning on bonding orthodontic brackets.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a new self-etching primer/ adhesive used to enhance the shear strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to porcelain surfaces. Forty-five porcelain maxillary central incisor teeth were used in the study. The teeth were divided randomly into three groups: group I (control), the porcelain teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid followed by a sealant and the brackets were bonded with a composite adhesive; group II, the porcelain teeth were microetched and hydrofluoric acid and silane applied and metal brackets were then bonded with the composite adhesive; and group III, the porcelain teeth were etched with phosphoric acid and a self-etching primer/adhesive applied before bonding.